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  • 1
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] After V(D)J-mediated translocations, signal joints are retained on one of the derivative chromosomes. We report here that such signal joints are highly reactive and constitute unstable genomic elements with potential oncogenic properties. In T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), at ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 119 (1986), S. 1127-1132 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Fluorine-substituted 1,2-Thiazetan-3-one 1-Oxides by Reaction of Bis(trifluoromethyl)ketene and N-Sulfinylamines4,4-Bis(trifluoromethyl)1,2-thiazetan-3-one 1-oxides 3a-e are prepared by the reaction of bis(trifluoromethyl)ketene (1) with some N-sulfinylamines 2a-e. Under hydrolytic conditions the amides of 3,3,3-trifluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)propionic acid 4a-e are formed, which are also obtained from 1 and the corresponding amines, especially C6F5NH2 and CF3NH2. 3e undergoes an unexpected thermolysis at room temperature with partial formation of trifluoromethyl isocyanate (5) and bis(trifluoromethyl)methylene sulfoxide (6).
    Notes: Die 4,4-Bis(trifluormethyl)-1,2-thiazetan-3-on-1-oxide 3a-e werden durch Reaktion von Bis(trifluormethyl)keten (1) mit einigen N-Sulfinylaminen 2a-e dargestellt. Unter Hydrolysebedingungen bilden sich die Amide der 3,3,3-Trifluor-2-(trifluormethyl)propionsäure 4a-e, die auch aus 1 und den entsprechenden Aminen, insbesondere C6F5NH2 und CF3NH2, erhalten werden. 3e erfährt eine unerwartete Thermolyse bei Raumtemperatur unter teilweiser Bildung von Trifluormethylisocyanat (5) und Bis(trifluormethyl)methylensulfoxid (6).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 119 (1986), S. 3405-3410 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: [4 + 2]-Cycloaddition Products of Perfluoroorgano-N-sulfinylamines and their OxidationPerfluoroorgano-N-sulfinylamines 1a-c (Rf—NSO, Rf=CF3, C6F5, CF3CO) react with dimethylbutadiene as an example of an activated diene under formation of 3,6-dihydro-4,5-dimethyl-2H-1,2-thiazine 1-oxides 2a-c. By oxidation of 2a and 2b with mCPBA the epoxide 4a and the epoxysultames 5a and 5b, respectively, are obtained. The pyrrole 3b is formed by alkaline hydrolysis of 2b.
    Notes: Perfluororgano-N-sulfinylamine 1a-c (Rf—NSO, Rf=CF3, C6F5, CF3CO) reagieren mit Dimethylbutadien als typischem Beispiel eines aktivierten Diens unter Bildung der 3,6-Dihydro-4,5-dimethyl-2H-1,2-thiazin-1-oxide 2a-c. Durch Oxidation von 2a und 2b mit mCPBA erhält man das Epoxid 4a und die Epoxysultame 5a und 5b. Durch alkalische Hydrolyse von 2b wird das Pyrrol 3b erhalten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 120 (1987), S. 1183-1190 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Element-Orgainc Amine/Imine compounds, XXVII1). - Polycyclic Phosphorus-Nitrogen Rhenium(I) ComplexesThe amine-stabilized sulfimides RN=SO2 Ň7H13 8, 9, and 10 could be obtained by reaction of sulfamoyl chlorides RNH-SO2Cl [R=C6F5 4, (CF3)2CH 5, (CF3)2CHOCO 6] with quinuclidine (7). A direct approach to 8 and 15 was found by oxidation of N-sulfinylamines RN=SO [R=C6F5 12, (CF3)2CF 14] with quinuclidine N-oxide or trimethylamine N-oxide, respectively. The X-ray structure analysis of 8 indicates a doublebond in the N=SO2 group, while the amine is tetrahedrally coordinated in a distance to the sulfur atom longer than a single bond. Additional reaction of N-sulfinylamines or sulfamoyl chlorides are reported.
    Notes: Die aminstabilisierten Sulfimide RN=SO2Ň7H13 8, 9 und 10 konnten durch Reaktion der Sulfamoylchloride RNH-SO2Cl [R=C6F5 4, (CF3)2CH 5, (CF3)2CHOCO 6] mit Chinuclidin (7) erhalten werden. Ein direkter Zugang zu 8 und 15 wurde durch Oxidation der N-Sulfinylamine RN=SO [R=C6F5 12, (CF3)2CF 14] mit Chinuclidin-N-oxid bzw. Trimethylamin-N-oxid gefunden. Die Röntgenstrukturanalyse an 8 weist auf eine Doppelbindung in der N=SO2-Gruppe hin, während das Amin tetraedrisch in einem Abstand zum Schwefelatom koordiniert ist, der länger als einer Einfachbindung entsprechend ist. Weitere Reaktionen von N-Sulfinylaminen bzw. Sulfamoylchloriden werden beschrieben.
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: Every day, millions of people are transported by buses, trains, and airplanes in Germany. Public transit (PT) is of major importance for the quality of life of individuals as well as the productivity of entire regions. Quality and efficiency of PT systems depend on the political framework (state-run, market oriented) and the suitability of the infrastructure (railway tracks, airport locations), the existing level of service (timetable, flight schedule), the use of adequate technologies (information, control, and booking systems), and the best possible deployment of equipment and resources (energy, vehicles, crews). The decision, planning, and optimization problems arising in this context are often gigantic and “scream” for mathematical support because of their complexity. This article sketches the state and the relevance of mathematics in planning and operating public transit, describes today’s challenges, and suggests a number of innovative actions. The current contribution of mathematics to public transit is — depending on the transportation mode — of varying depth. Air traffic is already well supported by mathematics. Bus traffic made significant advances in recent years, while rail traffic still bears significant opportunities for improvements. In all areas of public transit, the existing potentials are far from being exhausted. For some PT problems, such as vehicle and crew scheduling in bus and air traffic, excellent mathematical tools are not only available, but used in many places. In other areas, such as rolling stock rostering in rail traffic, the performance of the existing mathematical algorithms is not yet sufficient. Some topics are essentially untouched from a mathematical point of view; e.g., there are (except for air traffic) no network design or fare planning models of practical relevance. PT infrastructure construction is essentially devoid of mathematics, even though enormous capital investments are made in this area. These problems lead to questions that can only be tackled by engineers, economists, politicians, and mathematicians in a joint effort. Among other things, the authors propose to investigate two specific topics, which can be addressed at short notice, are of fundamental importance not only for the area of traffic planning, should lead to a significant improvement in the collaboration of all involved parties, and, if successful, will be of real value for companies and customers: • discrete optimal control: real-time re-planning of traffic systems in case of disruptions, • model integration: service design in bus and rail traffic. Work on these topics in interdisciplinary research projects could be funded by the German ministry of research and education (BMBF), the German ministry of economics (BMWi), or the German science foundation (DFG).
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/postscript
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2020-03-09
    Language: English
    Type: bookpart , doc-type:bookPart
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Language: English
    Type: article , doc-type:article
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: Millionen von Menschen werden allein in Deutschland täglich von Bussen, Bahnen und Flugzeugen transportiert. Der öffentliche Personenverkehr (ÖV) ist von großer Bedeutung für die Lebensqualität einzelner aber auch für die Leistungsfähigkeit ganzer Regionen. Qualität und Effizienz von ÖV-Systemen hängen ab von politischen Rahmenbedingungen (staatlich geplant, wettbewerblich organisiert) und der Eignung der Infrastruktur (Schienensysteme, Flughafenstandorte), vom vorhandenen Verkehrsangebot (Fahr- und Flugplan), von der Verwendung angemessener Technologien (Informations-, Kontroll- und Buchungssysteme) und dem bestmöglichen Einsatz der Betriebsmittel (Energie, Fahrzeuge und Personal). Die hierbei auftretenden Entscheidungs-, Planungs- und Optimierungsprobleme sind z.T. gigantisch und "schreien" aufgrund ihrer hohen Komplexität nach Unterstützung durch Mathematik. Dieser Artikel skizziert den Stand und die Bedeutung des Einsatzes von Mathematik bei der Planung und Durchführung von öffentlichem Personenverkehr, beschreibt die bestehenden Herausforderungen und regt zukunftsweisende Maßnahmen an.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: German
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/postscript
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