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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 28 (1906), S. 1025-1031 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 52 (1996), S. 640-643 
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The title compound, bis[(N,N,N',N'- tetramethylethylenediamine)lithium μ-{1,1′-commo-1,1′dichlorobis[2,3-bis(trimethylsilyl)-2,3-dicarba-1-holma-closo-heptaborato]}-1κ3H4,4′5:2κ2H4′,5′, 2κCl-bis[(N,N,N',N'- tetramethylethylenediamine)lithium] benzene hemisolvate, [Li(TMEDA)2][{1-Cl-1-(μ-Cl)-2,2′,3,3′-(SiMe3)4– 5,6-[(μ-H)2Li(TMEDA)]-4,4′,5′-[(μ-H)3Li(TMEDA)]}-1,1′-commo-Ho(2,3-C2B4H4)2].0.5C6H6 (TMEDA = tetramethylethylenediamine), crystallized in a monoclinic space group P21/n. The structure of this cluster consists of an HoIII `carbons- adjacent' carborane bent-sandwich complex in which two Cl− ions are present, in different bonding environments, in the primary coordination sphere of the Ho atom giving a very distorted tetrahedral arrangement about the metal with the Ho—Cnt(1,2) = 2.378, 2.350 Å, Cnt(1)—Ho—Cnt(2) = 128.5°, Cnt(1)—Ho—Cl(1,2) = 107.9, 103.2°, Cnt(2)-Ho-Cl(1,2) = 110.6, 104.4°, and Cl(1)—Ho—Cl(2) = 97.17 (6)° (Cnt = C2B3 centroid). One of the exo-polyhedral Li(TMEDA) units is linked to both opposing C2B3 faces via three B-H(terminal) bonds and the other interacts with only one of the C2B3 faces via two B-H(terminal) groups with an additional linkage to the central Ho atom via an Ho-Cl—Li bridge.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 51 (1995), S. 635-638 
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 52 (1996), S. 8-11 
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The title compound (1), 1-[(μ-Cl)2Li(TMEDA)]-2,2′,4,4′-(SiMe3)4-5,5′,6,6′-[(μ-H)4Ho(TMEDA)(μ-Cl)2Li(TMEDA)]-1,1′-commo-Ho(2,4-C2B4H4)2.C10H8 (where TMEDA is tetramethylethylenediamine, bis[μ-2κ2HB5,HB6: 3(2,3,4,5,6-η)-2,4-bis(trimethylsilyl)-2,4-dicarba-nido-hexaborate(6)]tetra-μ-chloro-1:2κ4Cl;3:4κ4Cl-tris(N,N,N′,N′ -tetramethyl-1,2-ethanediamine)-1κ2N,N′;2κ2N,N′;4κ2N,N′-1,4- dilithium-2,3-diholmium naphthalene solvate, crystallizes in the triclinic space group P\overline{1}. The cluster consists of a HoIII `carbons apart' carborane bent-sandwich complex bridging almost symmetrically to an exo-polyhedral Li(TMEDA) unit via two Cl atoms and, via two B-H(terminal) groups of each opposing C2B3 face, to an exo-polyhedral HoIII(TMEDA) unit that is also linked to another exo-polyhedral Li(TMEDA) group with two Ho-Cl-Li bridges. The centrally located Ho atom is almost symmetrically bonded to two opposing `carbons apart' C2B4 carborane cages with Ho1...Cnt1 2.340, Ho1...Cnt2 2.349Å, Cnt1...Ho1...Cnt2 130.2, Cnt1...Ho1...Cl1 107.1, Cnt1...Ho1...Cl2 107.1, Cnt2...Ho1...Cl1 109.1, and Cnt2...Ho1...Cl2 109.1°, where Cnt is the centroid of the C2B3 face of each.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-2277
    Keywords: Key words Small bowel transplantation ; Chronic rejection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Our aim was to develop a model of chronic rejection (CR) in small bowel allografts, and to study the changes occurring in these grafts. Small bowel transplantation was performed using the DA to AS rat strain combination. Short-term (5 mg/kg intramuscular, from days − 2 to + 9), or long-term cyclosporin treatment (5 mg/kg, 3 times a week until day 50) was given to prevent acute rejection. Controls were untreated allografts, DA isografts with and without cyclosporin, and normal DA and AS rats. They were followed for 50 and 100 days after transplantation. Recipients of a syngeneic graft lost weight during the first week after transplantation, but started to regain weight and kept growing thereafter. Histology showed normal bowel architecture with normal mesenteric lymph nodes and Peyers patches. Vigorous acute rejection occurred in the untreated allografts. Animals had persistent weight loss, and were killed between 6–13 days after transplantation. No clinical signs of graft-versus-host disease were seen. Histology showed end-stage acute rejection. In both cyclosporin-treated allografted groups the postoperative course was as in the isografted animals. However, all animals had histologic signs of CR by 50 and 100 days after transplantation. Changes were most prominent in the mesentery. Serositis with increased vascularity, inflammation with sclerosis, and patchy myointimal proliferation with endothelialitis of the mesenteric vessels were found. Changes in the bowel were patchy and included some thickening of the muscle coat, crypt hyperplasia, scattered necrotic cells in the crypts, slight blunting of villi and loss of goblet cells. Infiltrating cells in the mesentery and bowel consisted mainly of CD 4+ cells, CD 8+ T-cells and monocytes/macrophages. Lactulose-mannitol urinary excretion ratio was significantly increased in short-term cyclosporin treated allografts at days 50 and 100 posttransplant. Serum albumin levels were significantly lowered in this group at both time points examined. We developed two models in which CR occurs after small bowel transplantation. Long-term cyclosporin treatment delayed the development of CR, since functional abnormalities were only seen in the animals that were treated with short-term cyclosporin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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