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  • 1
    ISSN: 1520-5827
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Mikrozirkulation ; Gefäßpermeabilität ; Tourniquet ; Ischämie ; Reperfusionsschaden ; Dextran ; Key words Microcirculation ; vascular permeability ; tourniquet ; ischemia reperfusion ; Dextran
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract An increased microvascular water permeability has been reported after ischemia/reperfusion both in animal models and in human studies. We studied the changes in fluid filtration capacity (FFK) after ischemia/reperfusion due to tourniquet in patients undergoing arthroscopy of the knee. Method: Healthy male volunteers (n=24, mean age 46.9±3.5) were studied prior to, 1 and 6 hours after arthroscopy of the knee, during which a tourniquet was applied to the thigh. FFK, isovolumetric venous pressure (Pvi) and arterial blood flow in the limb was measured in both legs (tourniquet leg and control leg) using computer assisted venous congestion plethysmography. Venous blood samples were obtained from a cubital vein prior to and from the femoral vein 2 mins after deflation of the tourniquet cuff. 12 patients received preoperatively an infusion of 6% Dextran (D) and 12 patients 500 ml of electrolyte solution (VE) an. Results: The mean duration of the tourniquet was (D) 56.0±6.9 min and (VE) 53.9±4.2 min which resulted in a significant increase in venous lactate concentration from (D) 1.4±0.1 mmol.l−1 to 2.7±0.3 mmol.l−1 and (VE) 1.3±0.1 mmol.l−1 to 2.7±0.3 mmol.l−1 (p〈0.001). A significant decrease in pH from (D) 7.39±0.01 to 7.32±0.01 (p〈0.001) and from (VE) 7.39±0.01 to 7.32±0.01 (p〈0.001) was also seen. Preoperatively no significant differences in the FFK values of the tourniquet leg (D=5.3 (4.8–10.7) ml.×10−3 min–1. 100 ml tissue−1 mmHg−1=FFKU) and the control leg (5.2 (4.7–8.6 FFKU)) were observed. The maximum FFK value in D was seen 1 hour after ischemia/reperfusion in both, the tourniquet leg (7.5 (4.6–14.2 FFKU) and the control leg (7.8 (5.5–9.4 FFKU). In VE however the maximal FFK value were measured 6 hours after ischemia/reperfusion with an increase in the tourniquet leg from 5.2 (4.2–6.2 FFKU) to 8.1 (3.7–10.4 FFKU) and the control leg from 6.1 (3.6–7.0 FFKU) to 7.3 (6.1–8.3 FFKU) (Median (Range), One-way ANOVA). There were no significant differences in the FFK values between D and VE except for a lower Pvi in VE at the third measurement. No significant changes in the arterial blood flow were seen perioperatively as well as between the operated and non-operated leg. Conclusion: A tourniquet of 〈1 hour does impair tissue oxygenation as indicated by the increase in lactate and the decrease in pH. The duration of the tourniquet was however to short to have caused sufficient microvascular damage result in a more pronounced increase in fluid filtration capacity.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In der vorliegenden Studie untersuchten wir, ob ein Tourniquet von einstündiger Dauer mit anschließender Reperfusion eine signifikante Zunahme der Flüssigkeitsfiltrationskapazität zur Folge hat. Methode: Bei 24 männlichen Patienten mit Knieverletzungen (Durchschnittsalter 46,9±3,5 Jahre), die sich einer Arthroskopie mit Tourniquet unterziehen mußten, wurden plethysmographische Messungen der Flüssigkeitsfiltrationskapazität (FFK) am Vorabend der Operation, unmittelbar nach und 6 h postoperativ simultan an beiden Beinen durchgeführt. Prospektiv randomisiert erhielten 12 Patienten unmittelbar präoperativ 500 ml Vollelektrolytlösung (VE) bzw. 500 ml 6% Dextran 60 (D) intravenös infundiert. Ergebnisse: Die durchschnittliche Dauer des Tourniquets betrug (D) 56,0±6,9 min bzw. (VE) 53,9±4,2 min. Die Laktatkonzentration im venösen Serum stieg (D) von 1,4±0,1 mmol.l−1 auf 2,7±0,3 mmol.l−1 und (VE) von 1,3±0,1 mmol.l−1 auf 2,7±0,3 mmol.l−1 (p〈0,001). Präoperativ bestand weder ein signifikanter Unterschied in den FFK Werten zwischen (VE) und (D) noch zwischen dem Tourniquetbein (D=5,3 [4,8–10,7] ml.×10−3. 100 min Gewebe−1 mm Hg−1=FFKU) und dem Kontrollbein (5,2 [4,7–8,6 FFKU]) (Median [Bereich], One-way ANOVA). Die maximalen FFK Werte wurden in (D) 1 h nach Ischämie Reperfusion (I/R) in beiden Beinen, Tourniquet (7,5 [4,6–14,2 FFKU]) und Kontrollbein (7,8 [5,5–9,4 FFKU]) gemessen. In VE hingegen 6 h nach I/R, mit einem Anstieg der FFK von präoperativ 5,2 [4,2–6,2 FFKU] auf 8,1 [3,7–10,4 FFKU] und den Kontrollbein von 6,1 [3,6–7,0 FFKU] auf 7,3 [6,1–8,3 FFKU]. Die Gabe von 500 ml Dextran 60 hatte weder einen signifikanten Einfluß auf die FFK noch auf andere blutchemische Parameter. Schlußfolgerungen: Die blutchemischen Veränderungen lassen vermuten, daß es durch den Tourniquet zu einem I/R Schaden gekommen ist. In unseren Untersuchungen zeigte sich ein Trend einer Zunahme der FFK an beiden Beinen. Wir schließen daraus, daß generalisierte Veränderungen in der Mikrozirkulation (z.B. Aktivierung von Leukozyten) für die Zunahme der FFK verantwortlich sind. Über die Bedeutung der prophylaktischen Gabe von Dextran zur Verminderung eines I/R Schadens lassen diese Untersuchungen keine Rückschlüsse zu, da die Ischämiezeit wahrscheinlich zu kurz war.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 128 (1978), S. 123-128 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Serum proteins ; Acute hepatitis ; Childhood
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Fifteen serum proteins were estimated by linear immunodiffusion in blood samples from children with acute hepatitis. Blood was drawn at the beginning of the disease and three weeks later. The results were compared with results obtained from a group of age-matched normal children. At the beginning of the disease prealbumin and beta-2-glycoprotein I were depressed, whereas alpha-1-acid-glycoprotein, alpha-1-antitrypsin, ceruloplasmin and alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein were found to be elevated. Alpha-2-macroglobulin, transferrin and beta-lipoprotein showed a significant elevation after three weeks. Beta-1-A/C, IgM and IgG remained elevated during the time of observation. Albumin, haptoglobin and IgA were similar in patients and controls and did not change during the period of observation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Biomembranes 394 (1975), S. 304-313 
    ISSN: 0005-2736
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Biomembranes 1190 (1994), S. 257-263 
    ISSN: 0005-2736
    Keywords: (Mouse) ; Adenosine triphosphate ; Calcium dependent inactivation ; Patch clamp ; Potassium channel ; Skeletal muscle
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 98 (1994), S. 5778-5783 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial & engineering chemistry 49 (1957), S. 639-639 
    ISSN: 1520-5045
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0012-821X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer 27 (1982), S. 209 
    ISSN: 0022-4073
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Chemical Physics 158 (1991), S. 473-486 
    ISSN: 0301-0104
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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