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  • 1
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Interleukin-8 ; Staphylococcal enterotoxin A ; Macrophages ; Neutrophils ; Inflammation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Since Staphylococcus aureus is an important human pathogen, and infection of the lungs in characterized by neutrophil infiltration we studied the role of a staphylococcal toxin, enterotoxin A (SEA) on the synthesis and secretion of IL-8 by human alveolar macrophages. As SEA concentration was increased, the IL-8 accumulation in the macrophage conditioned medium increased. The concentration of mRNA encoding IL-8 was also elevated in the macrophage in response to increases in SEA concentration. Although the monocytic cell line U937 was able to respond to SEA and secrete IL-8, treatment with PMA prior to SEA stimulation increased the IL-8 accumulation around fifty fold indicating that maturation of the undifferentiated cell to a more macrophage-like cell facilitated IL-8 accumulation. Stimulating human alveolar macrophages with high concentrations of SEA caused an increase in IL-1 accumulation. However, when the cells were incubated with SEA in the presence of IL-1 receptor antagonist, there was no decrease in IL-8 accumulation. Addition of a neutralizing anti-IL-8 monoclonal antibody to the culture medium of SEA-stimulated macrophages significantly reduced the neutrophil chemotactic activity of the medium. These studies showed that IL-8 is a major neutrophil chemotaxin from human alveolar macrophages stimulated with SEA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) ; C57BL/6J mouse ; Tyrosine hydroxylase ; Aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase ; Dopamine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunohistochemical studies of monoamme neurons werè performed to evaluate toxic effects of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) on young adult mice and compare them with chose of their offspring. Mice, 9–11 weeks old (C57BL/6J), injected subcutaneously with a large dose of MPTP (17 mg/kg per day) during pregnancy on Day 9 and 12 of gestation (G9 and G12) miscarried and were examined at 13 weeks of age. Conversely, mice treated during pregnancy with sequential low dose of MPTP (2.8 mg/kg per day at G9–G17 for 8 days) successfully delivered their babies and were examined at the age of 15 weeks. Baby mice were examined at 1 and 6 weeks of age. The tyrosine hydroxylase-, aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase-and dopamine (DA)-immunoreactive density of caudoputamen was reduced in 13-week-old mice treated with high dose of MPTP but not in the 15-week-old mothers exposed to a low dose of MPTP as compared to their respective controls. The DA-immunoreactive density of the caudoputamen was the only staining that was reduced in both 1- and 6-week-old baby mice. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that MPTP injected to pregnant mice causes a DA depletion in the striatum of their offspring indicating a transplacental effect of MPTP. The findings also indicate that fetal brain is more susceptible to MPTP toxicity than the brain of young pregnant mice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cerebellum ; Rabbit ; Vestibul-oocular ; Optokinetic ; Adaptation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) and optokinetic response (OKR) in the horizontal plane were examined in pigmented rabbits, using sinusoidal whole-body rotation and sinusoidal rotation of a striped screen. Sustained rotation of the animal (5° peak-to-peak, 0.1 Hz) for 4 h, under different optokinetic stimulus conditions, induced the following adaptive changes in the VOR: (1) outphase rotation of the screen (5°) increased the VOR gain by 0.3 (on average); (2) with the screen fixed in space, VOR gain increased by 0.2, (3) in-phase rotation of the screen (5°) decreased the VOR gain by 0.16. However, (4) in-phase rotation of the screen at twice (10°) the amplitude of whole-body rotation did not affect the gain. Instead, it induced a significant phase lead (23°) in the VOR, which did not occur in other stimulus conditions. Adaptive increases of the OKR gain occurred under sustained rotation of the screen alone (2.5°, 0.33 Hz). After bilateral destruction of floccular Purkinje cells with kainic acid the VOR gain and phase were affected only very slightly, but adaptive changes in the VOR were abolished. By contrast, the OKR gain was reduced and the OKR phase delayed. OKR adaptation was also affected in such a way that a gain increase initially produced could not be maintained during sustained screen rotation. Ablation of nodulus-uvala caused a gain increase and phase lead in both VOR and OKR, and its only effect on adaptability of the VOR or the OKR was observed for the VOR under stimulus condition (4).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 139 (1997), S. 893-894 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Astrocytoma ; calvarial erosion ; extra-medullary growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 140 (1998), S. 725-726 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 139 (1997), S. 480-481 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Ophthalmic artery ; arterial anomaly ; angiography ; cerebral aneurysm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Keywords: Post-ischaemic hypothermia; chronic cell death; apoptosis; memory function.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary  The long-term effects of post-ischaemic hypothermia are controversial. The purpose of this study was to examine the long-term effects of post-ischaemic hypothermia on neuronal survival in gerbils in terms of morphology and function. Hypothermia was induced at 32° C for 4 h immediately after ischaemia. Examination was performed at 1 week and at 1 month after ischaemia. Post-ischaemic hypothermia prevented CA1 neuronal damage 1 week after ischaemia. At 1 month after ischaemic insult, however, the degree of the protective effect of post-ischaemic hypothermia was reduced in the lateral and medial CA1 areas. DNA fragmentation was also observed at 1 month. The errors in the 8-arm radial maze trial were increased at 1 month. These data may indicate that cells in the CA1 area are very vulnerable to ischaemia and die after post-ischaemic hypothermia, and that their death is associated with apoptosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 114 (2001), S. 8459-8466 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The electronic and geometric properties of gas-phase exohedral C60NaN−, C70NaN−, and C60AuN− cluster anions are investigated. Time-of-flight mass spectrometry and photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) reveal complex-specific arrangements of the sodium and the gold atoms on the fullerene cage. The electron affinity of C60AuN clearly shows even–odd alternation with the number of Au atoms, which suggests a "dry" structure where Au atoms aggregate as a cluster on the C60. In contrast, C60NaN and C70NaN show a "wet" structure having the Na atoms packed into stable trimers on the surface. For C60NaN (N=0 to 4), PES experiments at a high photodetachment energy (5.81 eV) allow us to deduce the net charge transferred from the sodium atoms to the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of the fullerene. For larger C60NaN, moreover, a metallic transition is shown to occur at N∼13, and analysis of the adiabatic electron affinity variations allows the identification of the first magic sizes corresponding to electronic shell closure in the sodium layer. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 252 (1987), S. 179-187 
    ISSN: 0003-9861
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 144 (1987), S. 551-559 
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Keywords: [abr] EGTA; ethylene glycol bis (β-aminoethyl ; [abr] NP-40; Nonidet P-40 ; [abr] PMSF; phenylmethyl-sulfonyl fluoride ; [abr] SDS-PAGE; sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel ; [abr] TPA; 12-0-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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