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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 189 (1994), S. 361-373 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Postnatal development ; Neuropeptide Y ; Calcitonin gene-related peptide ; Urinary bladder ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The postnatal development of neuropeptide Y- and calcitonin gene-related peptide-immunoreactive (NPY-IR and CGRP-IR) nerve fibers in the rat urinary bladder was investigated using whole-mount preparations and cryostat sections. In newborn and 3-day-old rats, many NPY-IR nerve fibers were observed in the subserous and muscle layers. Many NPY-IR nerve cell bodies clustered at branching points of the subserous nerve bundles. Within 4 weeks after birth, these cell bodies drastically decreased in number and spread along the bundles, although the number of NPY-IR nerve fibers increased moderately. In contrast, CGRP-IR nerve fibers in newborn and 3-day-old rats were less developed, and no CGRP-IR nerve cell body was observed in any rat. However, CGRP-IR nerve fiber distribution in the urinary tissues conspicuously increased within 4 weeks after birth. Especially, an increase of the infraepithelial fibers showing a meshwork appearance was prominent in the fundus and corpus of the bladder. The infra- and intraepithelial CGRP-IR nerve meshwork of the ventral wall was more dense than that of the trigone. At 4 weeks, NPY-IR and CGRP-IR nerves were similar to those of the adult rat (8–12 weeks old). The present study suggests a correlation between the development of the peripheral nervous system in the urinary bladder and maturation of micturition behavior in the rat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Cecum ; Germ-free rat ; Microflora inoculation ; Morphometry ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The structural changes of the cecal wall in germfree rats were observed at regular intervals after the inoculation of fecal microflora from conventional rats. Quantitative light microscopy showed that most of the elements in the cecal wall increased at 12 or 24 h and reached peak values at 4 days after inoculation. On the 7th day, they decreased approximately to the values for conventional rats. The crypts were bent or widely open till 24 h but were not after the 4th day. Hyperplasia of the crypt epithelial cells including mucous-type cells was observed following microbial inoculation. Electron microscopy revealed that most of the epithelial cells lining the mucosa were typical columnar cells. Desquamation of the epithelial cells and contraction of the muscle fibers were often seen on 4th day. The mucous-type cells were divided into two types, goblet and non-goblet mucous-type cells. Reduction of cecal volume after microbial inoculation may be mainly caused by muscle contraction in the early period and hyperplasia and desquamation of the epithelial cells may suggest their role as the first and non-specific defense line prior to operation of the specific immune system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 192 (1995), S. 319-328 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Harderian gland ; Rat ; G-protein ; Carbachol ; Extracellular calcium ion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We studied the secretory mechanism of the Harderian gland of rats. After perfusion with HEPES-buffered Ringer's solution containing NaF (10 mM) with AlCl3 (10 μM), a G-protein activator, the glandular cells of the Harderian gland showed massive exocytosis and apocrine-like protrusions on the luminal surface. Some of the secretory vacuoles aggregated within the cytoplasm, and large vacuoles were formed. Contraction of the myoepithelial cells covering the glandular endpieces caused a narrowing of the glandular lumina, which contained cytoplasmic fragments, and deformation of the basal contour of the glandular end-pieces. The basal regions of the glandular cells also bulged between the myoepithelial cells. Secretory vacuoles were also discharged to the lateral cell surface, and the intercellular spaces were dilated. The enhanced secretory activities of the glandular cells and the contraction of the myoepithelial cells were similar to those in rats stimulated with 10 μM carbachol (CCh). However, dilatation of the endoplasmic reticulum in glandular cells (type A cells), which leads to the formation of small vesicles, was observed in those glands stimulated by NaF+AlCl3, but not in those stimulated by CCh. Removal of Ca+2 from the perfusing HR or addition of EDTA (0.5 mM) diminished and inhibited NaF+AlCl3- or CCh-enhanced secretory activity of the glandular cells and also allayed the deformation of glandular cells caused by myoepithelial cell contraction. The present results demonstrate the involvement of G-proteins and Ca2+-influx in the lipid secretion of glandular cells and in the contraction of myoepithelial cells of the Harderian gland in rats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Macular mouse ; Menkes kinky hair disease ; Copper therapy ; Mitochondrial abnormalities
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The hemizygote of the macular mutant mice, which is clinically and neuropathologically considered to be a model of Menkes kinky hair disease (MKHD), were injected intraperitoneally four times with 10, 20, 20 and 30 μg of cupric chloride on days 4, 6, 8 and 10 after birth, respectively. Their cerebral and cerebellar cortices were chronologically examined by electron microscopy. In the cerebral cortes, only a few abnormal mitochondria with electron-lucent matrix and short peripherally located cristae were scattered in the neurons on day 14, and these had almost entirely vanished after day 21. In the cerebellar cortex, abnormal mitochondria were frequently found on day 14 in the dendrites of the Purkinje cells, whereas they were only occasionally observed in their cytoplasm. Those in the dendrites had decreased in number on day 30, and only a few of them were seen in the cerebellum after day 45. These results show that the copper therapy reduced ultrastructural abnormalities in the hemizygote of this mutant mouse.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Fatty acid biosynthesis in the larval stages of Penaeus japonicus Bate was examined by feeding microencapsulated diets containing (1-14C) palmitic acid, and fat-free diets supplemented with defined fatty acids. Highest larval growth rates were achieved on diets containing Tapes philippinarum lipid and, when defined fatty acids were substituted, on diets containing 20:6ω3 fatty acid. The radioactive tracer experiments indicate that 16:1ω7, 18:0 and 18:1ω9 fatty acids may be synthesised from palmitic acid and that P. japonicus larvae may possess the ability to elongate 18:3ω3 to 20:5ω3 and 22:6ω3, and 18:2ω6 to 20:4ω6. However, the rates of these reactions appear to be too slow to meet the larval requirements for essential fatty acids and the ω3 series of polyunsaturated fatty acids must be provided in the diet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 35 (1979), S. 287-293 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Bilateral motoneuron innervation ; Age-dependent decrease of motoneuron ; Rat spinal cord ; Horseradish peroxidase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Horseradish peroxidase was injected into the biceps brachii muscle of rats at various stages of development, from 10 days to 50 weeks. The retrogradely labeled neurons were found in the ipsilateral ventro-lateral column of the cervical cord, C4–C8, of all stages studied, but the number of labeled neurons decreased according to exponential curve as the age advanced. A striking finding was that the contralateral ventral horn cells were also labeled in the 10- and 14-day-old rats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Key words Filopodia ; Growth cone ; Laser scanning confocal microscopy ; Perpendicular contact guidance ; Mouse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The details of the morphology of vertically migrating granule cells were examined semiquantitatively in the postnatal mouse cerebellum by a Golgi method, with special reference to the growth cone-related structures such as filopodia and lamellipodia. The first sign of inward migration was extension of short, vertical filopodium-like processes from the sides of the perikarya of tangentially oriented granule cells, followed by a change of orientation of cell bodies to the vertical axis showing a T-shaped morphology. The T-shaped migratory cells formed sprouted filopodia (side spikes) from their vertical leading processes and perikarya at right angles to the vertical axis. More than three-quarters of the migratory cells extended the side spikes. The presence of such side spikes was confirmed with laser scanning confocal microscopy of granule cells labeled with 1,1′, dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate and also with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In addition, about one-fourth of migratory cells extended lamellipodia of web-like forms along the stem or at the tip of the leading process, some of which showed a typical growth cone. Several morphological variations of vertical granule cells were also observed. Furthermore, TEM observation confirmed that side spikes from migratory cells made direct contact with parallel fibers. The present results suggest that, during vertical migration, growth cone-related structures of the leading processes of granule cells adhere to and probably recognize tangentially oriented parallel fibers. Therefore, the mechanisms of the vertical guidance and migration of granule cells in the cerebellar cortex seem to be multiple, involving not only parallel contact guidance by the Bergmann glia fibers but also perpendicular contact guidance by the parallel fibers. These parallel and perpendicular geometric cues surrounding the granule cells seem to have produced the varying morphology of vertically migrating granule cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 49 (1984), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The nutrient composition of Spring and Fall lambs were investigated. Seven retail cuts from carcasses of lambs raised under commercial conditions, and representing two age groups (4–4½ mo and 8–9 mo) were analyzed in both raw and cooked form. Separable lean meat was analyzed for proximate composition, 8 vitamins, 8 inorganic nutrients, cholesterol and 12 fatty acids. Except for moisture, total lipid, riboflavin, niacin, Zn and Fe, there were no practical differences in nutrients between cuts or age groups. Thiamin had the lowest cooking retention with a range of 29.0-63.5%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 48 (1983), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The nutrient composition of fresh pork was studied in samples from 71 carcasses. On separable lean, nutrient composition was determined for 7 raw retail cuts from one side of each of 11 carcasses, and nutrient retention was determined on the 7 matching cuts from the other side that had been cooked by common household methods. Loins from 60 additional carcasses were analyzed to determine whether USDA grades 1, 2, and 3 and region of production affected nutrient composition. The data indicated that variation in nutrient composition of pork is more dependent on the retail cut within the carcass than either the grade or the region of production of the carcass. Cooking method significantly affected retention of most of the nutrients analyzed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 50 (1985), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Contents and retention of nutrients in raw and cooked (broiled, roasted and grilled to medium-well stage) ground beef patties were established. Fat levels of the raw patties were 18.4, 21.5, and 27.0%. Cooking yields were slightly lower and energy contents were higher for patties containing 27.0% fat than 18.4 or 21.5%. Total lipids, energy content, thiamin and pantothenic acid were the least retained nutrients while zinc was the highest. Generally, retentions after broiling or grilling were the same but were higher than after roasting. The polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratios (P/S) rose slightly after cooking. For most nutrients, differences due to fat levels or cooking methods appear to be too small to be of practical nutritional significance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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