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  • 1
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 74 (1952), S. 4469-4469 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 65 (1991), S. 147-159 
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A new principle of sensorimotor control of legged locomotion in an unpredictable environment is proposed on the basis of neurophysiological knowledge and a theory of nonlinear dynamics. Stable and flexible locomotion is realized as a global limit cycle generated by a global entrainment between the rhythmic activities of a nervous system composed of coupled neural oscillators and the rhythmic movements of a musculo-skeletal system including interaction with its environment. Coordinated movements are generated not by slaving to an explicit representation of the precise trajectories of the movement of each part but by dynamic interactions among the nervous system, the musculo-skeletal system and the environment. The performance of a bipedal model based on the above principle was investigated by computer simulation. Walking movements stable to mechanical perturbations and to environmental changes were obtained. Moreover, the model generated not only the walking movement but also the running movement by changing a single parameter nonspecific to the movement. The transitions between the gait patterns occurred with hysteresis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Key words Metallothionein ; Static magnetic fields ; Carbon tetrachloride ; Liver ; Mice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Although recent studies have shown that various stress can induce metallothionein (MT) synthesis in animal tissues, the induction of MT synthesis by exposure to static magnetic fields (SMF) has not been reported. We measured MT levels in the liver, kidney and brain of mice exposed to SMF and also evaluated the effect of SMF exposure on the induction of hepatic MT by treatment with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). The MT content in the liver was significantly increased by exposure to 4.7 T of SMF for 6, 24, or 48 h, whereas that in the kidney or brain was not changed compared to the control. The combination of CCl4 injection and SMF exposure induced elevation of the hepatic MT content exceeding that induced by either treatment alone. These results indicate that exposure to the strong SMF induces MT synthesis in the liver in mice and enhances the hepatic MT synthesis induced by CCl4 administration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 270 (1981), S. 413-419 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Epidermal vacuolation ; Local anesthetics ; Intradermal (i.d.) injection ; Subcutaneous (s.c.) injection ; Epidermale Vacuolisierung ; Lokalanaestheticum ; intradermale (i.d.) Injektion ; subcutane (s.c.) Injektion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Um den Mechanismus der Vacuolisierung zu erklären, die man häufig in den normalen Epidermiszellen in der Umgebung der Hauttumoren beobachtet, wurden 0.5 und 1.0% Procainhydrochlorid mit und ohne Epinephrine injiziert — entweder i.d. oder s.c. — und zwar bei reifen weißen männlichen Kaninchen. Die Injektionsstellen entweder sofort oder nach 15 min excidiert. Die Epidermis zeigte an der Stelle der i.d. Injektion eine signifikantere Zunahme der Zahl der vacuolisierteten Zellen als die der s.c. Injektionen (P〈0.001) ohne Rücksicht auf die Art der Lokalanaesthetica und die Zeitdauer zwischen Injektion und Excision. Die Elektronenmikroskopie stellte die intracytoplasmischen Vacuolen ohne abgrenzende Membran im Cytoplasma der Keratinocyten dar. Das im oberem Corium lokalisierte Ödem infolge der Injektion des Betäubungsmittels verursacht das Ödem und die Vacuolisierung in den bedeckenden Epidermiszellen. Die i.d. Injektion des Lokalanaestheticums möchten wir als eine Ursache der epidermalen Vacuolisierung auffassen.
    Notes: Summary To elucidate the mechanism of vacuolation frequently encountered in the normal epidermal cells surrounding skin tumors, 0.5 and 1.0% procaine hydrochloride, and 1.0% lidocaine hydrochloride with and without epinephrine were injected either i.d. or s.c. into mature white male rabbits, and the sites of injection were biopsied either immediately or after 15 min. The epidermis of the site of intradermal injection showed a significant increase in the number of vacuolated cells in contrast to the site of s.c. injection (P〈0.001) irrespective of the kinds of local anesthetics and the time lapse from injection to biopsy. Electron microscopy revealed vacuole-formations without limiting membrane in the cytoplasm of the kerationocytes. It is suggested that the local edema in the upper dermis caused by injection of anesthetics gives rise to edema and vacuolation of overlying epidermal cells, and that i.d. injection of local anesthetics may be regarded as a cause of epidermal vacuolation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 138 (1982), S. 265-270 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Myelin sheath ; neuropathy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A 3 year, 11 month-old Japanese male with congenital hypomyelination is described. Clinical features are delay of motor development, generalized muscle hypotonia and weakness, absent tendon reflexes due to peripheral neuropathy, and normal mental development. Electrophysiologically, nerve conduction velocities could not be measured. Histological examination of the right sural nerve revealed total of absence myelin of most of the myelinated fibers. Electronmicroscopically, there was a concentric network of lamellae formed by double-layered sheets of basement membranes with fragments of Schwann cell cytoplasm around the myelinated fibers, so called “onion-bulbs”. These peculiar features were similar to those in the cases reported by Lyon, (1969); Kennedy et al., (1977); Karch et al., (1975); and Anderson et al. (1973).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Calcitonin gene-related peptide ; slow-release tablet ; subarachnoid haemorrhage ; cerebral vasospasm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), a known potent intrinsic cerebral vasodilator, is contained in the sensory nerves from trigeminal ganglia that inervate the cerebral arteries. We previously reported that human α CGRP (hCGRP) dilates spastic cerebral arteries after experimental subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) in rabbits. In the present study, we investigated the prophylactic potential of a sustained higher cerebrospinal fluid level ofhCGRP against experimental cerebral vasospasm. AnhCGRP slow-release tablet (hCGRP s-r tablet) was developed for cisternal implantation. Experimental SAH was induced by percutaneous cisternal injection of autologous arterial blood. Angiography was initiated on day 1 (before SAH) and performed everyday. ThehCGRP s-r tablet was implanted into the cisterna magna on day 2 in the treated groups. The spastic response of the basilar artery was maximized on day 4 in the non-treated (80.7% of day 1) and the placebo-treated (79.3%) groups. In contrast, the arterial diameters on day 4 were 96.1% and 90.5% of day 1 in the groups implanted withhCGRP 24 μg and 153 μg s-r tablets, respectively. We also measured the concentration ofhCGRP in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) following implantation of thehCGRP 24 μg s-r tablet in the cisterna magna. The hCGRP concentration before implantation was below the dectable level. Following implantation, thehCGRP level in the CSF was 23.12 nmol/L on the second day and remained at elevated levels until the fifth day. These experiments suggest that the intrathecal single implantation of thehCGRP s-r tablet could produce an elevated concentration ofhCGRP in the CSF over five days and have prevented the cerebral vasospasm after SAH in the rabbit. ThehCGRP s-r tablet may be clinically applicable in the treatment of patients with SAH against cerebral vasospasm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 89 (1988), S. 2743-2747 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Raman spectra of hydrogen-bonded crystalline HCONH2 and HCOND2 have been measured up to 10 GPa at 300 K in a gasketed diamond anvil cell. The frequencies of the in-plane intermolecular stretching mode which characterizes the hydrogen bond along the zig–zag chain increase with increasing pressure with a slope (dν/dP) of 11.1 cm−1/GPa, and its slope becomes steeper, to 19.2 cm−1/GPa, at about 5.0 GPa (=Pc). The frequencies of the intramolecular ND2 stretching mode decrease with increasing pressure at all pressure range except around Pc where they show an increase of 20 cm−1. It turns out from these results that (1) the hydrogen (deuteron) bonds along the chain direction become stronger in response to the pressure, and their increasing strength are more developed above Pc, and (2) the other type of hydrogen (deuteron) bonds which bridge the chains to make their planar hydrogen-bonded network are weakened around Pc. The pressure-induced phase transition at Pc is discussed by focusing on the behavior of two types of hydrogen bondings and the effect of the interplanar interaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 86 (1987), S. 7189-7193 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Brillouin scattering was measured at room temperature in liquid and solid CS2 in a diamond anvil cell up to 70 kbar. In the liquid phase, the acoustic velocity and the refractive index were determined as a function of pressure: The former allowed us to determine the equation of state, ρ=0.206 P0.40+1.144 (1 kbar≤P≤13 kbar) with density ρ in g/cm3 and pressure P in kbar, and the latter was well fitted by the Lorentz–Lorenz relation yielding the pressure-insensitive polarizability of 8.20×10−24 cm3. In the solid phase, the pressure dependence of longitudinal- and transverse-acoustic phonon velocities was determined up to the appearance of black CS2 which was formed at pressures above 70 kbar, and the high optical and elastic anisotropy of crystalline CS2 is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 19 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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