Conclusions
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1.
When 8–13% of oversize stones are laid in a concrete block, the difference between the temperatures of the concrete mix and the stone being 4–6°C, the maximum temperatures for exothermal heating of the concrete fall by 2–6°C.
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2.
Laying of stones at −14°C in concrete mix at 6–7°C does not lead to freezing of the concrete mix at the stone-mix contact provided that the concreting is performed under a heated canvas shelter.
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3.
When 8–13% of stone is laid in the block and when the temperature difference between the concrete mix and the stone is 4–21°C, during the stage of exothermic heating the concrete around the stone is compressed. There is a tendency for the compressive deformations to decrease as the stone content of the concrete increases.
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4.
During cooling of stone-concrete blocks, the stress state of the concrete surrounding a stone is mainly governed by the overall thermal stress state of the blocks.
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5.
Field investigations of the temperatures and thermal stress states of stone-concrete masonry show that it is possible and advantageous to lay oversize stones (even if their temperatures are 15–20°C below the temperature of the concrete mix) in the interior concrete of a dam.
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Literature Cited
A. K. Shreiber and M. I. Milyukovskii, “Possibility of using stone-concrete in shore-protection structures,” Gidrotekh. Stroitel'., No. 10 (1971).
A. N. Adamovich and M. S. Lamkin, “Observation of concrete cracking in the Bratsk hydroelectric station dam by drilling special boreholes,” Proceedings of Coordination Conference on Hydrotechnics [in Russian], No. IV, Gosénergoizdat, Moscow (1962).
G. D. Tsiskreli and A. N. Dzhavakhidze, “The effect of aggregate size on strength and deformation of concrete,” Gidrotekh. Stroitel'., No. 5 (1970).
Additional information
Editors' Note. The use of stone in concreting gravity dams saves cement and, as the authors of the following article show, reduces costs. However, it seems to lead to an increased expenditure of labor, and therefore the use of stone must be carefully assessed with allowance for all technico-economic indices. Special mechanization must, of course, be developed for laying large stones in concrete.
Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 3, pp. 6–9, March, 1974.
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Gerasimenko, V.A., Voropai, V.I. & Shaikin, B.V. Laying stone with concrete in the interior zone of the Ust-Ilim dam. Hydrotechnical Construction 8, 198–202 (1974). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02403377
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02403377