Abstract
Gold particles coated with β-glucuronidase (GUS) mRNA with a 5′ cap structure that had been synthesized in vitro were introduced, by use of a pneumatic particle gun, into pollen grains of lily (Lilium longiflorum), freesia (Freesia refracta) and tulip (Tulipa gesneriana). A fluorometric assay for the GUS activity indicated that in vitro synthesized GUS mRNA introduced into these pollen cells by particle bombardment was successfully expressed. GUS activity in extracts of the bombarded lily pollen became detectable fluorometrically within 30 min after bombardment, peaked at 6 h, then gradually decreased. This activity changed as a function of the developmental stage of the pollen cell of lily.
References
Batty NP, Evans JM: Biological ballistics-no longer a shot in the dark. Transgenic Res 1: 107–113 (1992).
Christou P, McCabe DE, Swain WF: Stable transformation of soybean callus by DNA-coated gold particles. Plant Physiol 87: 671–674 (1988).
Christou P: Genetic transformation of crop plants using microprojectile bombardment. Plant J 2: 275–281 (1992).
Erickson RO: Cytological and growth correlation in the flower bud and anther of Lilium longiflorum. Am J Bot 35: 729–739 (1948).
Gallie DR, Lucas WJ, Walbot V: Visualizing mRNA expression in plant protoplasts: factors influencing efficient mRNA uptake and translation. Plant Cell 1: 301–311 (1989).
Heslop-Harrison J, Heslop-Harrison H: Evaluation of pollen viability by enzymatically induced fluorescence; intracellular hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate. Stain Technol 45: 115–120 (1970).
Iida A, Morikawa H, Yamada Y: Stable transformation of cultured tobacco cells by DNA-coated gold particles accelerated by gas-pressure-driven particle gun. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 33: 560–563 (1990).
Iida A, Seki M, Kamada M, Yamada Y, Morikawa H: Gene delivery into cultured plant cells by DNA-coated gold particles accelerated by a pneumatic particle gun. Theor Appl Genet 80: 813–816 (1990).
Jefferson EA, Kavanagh TA, Bevan MW: GUS fusions: β-glucuronidase as a sensitive and versatile gene fusion marker in higher plants. EMBO J 6: 3901–3907 (1987).
Klein TM, Wolf ED, Wu R, Sanford JC: High-velocity microprojectiles for delivering nucleic acid into living cells. Nature 327: 70–73 (1987).
Kosugi S, Ohashi Y, Nakajima K, Arai Y: An improved assay for β-glucuronidase in transformed cells: methanol almost completely suppresses a putative endogenous β-glucuronidase activity. Plant Sci 7: 133–140 (1990).
Mascarenhas JP: The biochemistry of angiosperm pollen development. Bot Rev 41: 259–314 (1975).
Morikawa H, Nishihara M, Seki M, Irifune K: Bombardment-mediated transformation of plant cells. J Plant Res 107: 147–152 (1994).
Nishihara M, Ito M, Tanaka I, Kyo M, Ono K, Irifune K, Morikawa H: Expression of the β-glucuronidase gene in pollen of lily (Lilium longiflorum), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), Nicotiana rustica, and peony (Paeonia lactiflora) by particle bombardment. Plant Physiol 102: 357–361 (1993).
Sakamoto A, Ogawa M, Masumura T, Shibata D, Takeba G, Tanaka K, Fujii S: Three cDNA sequences coding for glutamine synthetase polypeptides in Oryza sativa L. Plant Mol Biol 13: 611–614 (1989).
Takegami MH, Yoshioka M, Tanaka I, Ito M: Characteristics of isolated microsporocytes from liliaceous plants for studies of the meiotic cell cycle in vitro. Plant Cell Physiol 22: 1–10 (1981).
Tupy J, Suss J, Hrabetova E, Rihova L: Developmental changes in gene expression during pollen maturation and germination in Nicotiana tabacum L.. Biol Plant 25: 231–237 (1983).
Twell D, Klein TM, Fromm ME, McCormick SM: Transient expression of chimeric genes delivered into pollen by microprojectile bombardment. Plant Physiol 91: 1270–1274 (1989).
Twell D, Wing R, Yamaguchi J, McCormick S: Isolation and expression of an anther-specific gene from tomato. Mol Gen Genet 217: 240–245 (1989).
White PR: The Cultivation of Animal and Plant Cells, 2nd ed, 60 p. Ronald Press, New York (1963).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Tanaka, T., Nishihara, M., Seki, M. et al. Successful expression in pollen of various plant species of in vitro synthesized mRNA introduced by particle bombardment. Plant Mol Biol 28, 337–341 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00020252
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00020252