Abstract
In 1990 a project to develop a dry deposition monitoring method of SO2, NH3 and NO2 to Speulder forest in the Netherlands began. Detailed annual deposition fluxes for these gases were measured throughout November 1992 to December 1995. This paper describes the measurement set-up and the analysis of the deposition parameters for SO2. The dry deposition velocity was usually smaller than the maximum Vd, showing a resistance to surface uptake, except for periods when the canopy is wet and surface resistance is negligible. Several methods were tested to estimate annual average fluxes from the gradient measurements. Annual fluxes were estimated by selecting the data for periods fulfilling gradient theory and extending the data by using an inferential method for the other periods. The surface resistance parametrisation used in the inferential method was tested using the selected data and was found to yield systematic larger fluxes of the order of 20%. Annual fluxes were 465 mol ha-1 a-1 in 1992/1993, 460 mol ha-1 a-1 in 1994 and 330 mol ha-1 a-1 in 1995. The uncertainty in the annual flux was estimated to be 25%. The annual average dry deposition velocity was 1.5 cm s-1. No large differences were found in deposition parameters between each of the three years.
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Erisman, J.W., Hogenkamp, J.E.M., van Putten, E.M. et al. Long-term Continuous Measurements of SO2 Dry Deposition over the Speulder Forest. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 109, 237–262 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005097722854
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005097722854