Abstract
Many drinking water treatment plants are currently using alternative disinfectants to treat drinking water, with ozone, chlorine dioxide, and chloramine being the most popular. However, compared to chlorine, which has been much more widely studied, there is little information about the disinfection by-products (DBPs) that these alternative disinfectants produce. Thus, it is not known if the DBPs from alternative disinfectants are safer or more hazardous than those formed by chlorine. To answer this question, we have set out to comprehensively identify DBPs formed by these alternative disinfectants, as well as by chlorine. The results presented here represent a compilation of the last 8 years of our research in identifying new DBPs from ozone, chlorine dioxide, chloramine, and chlorine. We also include results from recent studies of Israel drinking water disinfected with both chlorine dioxide and chloramine. Over 200 DBPs were identified, many of which have never been reported. In comparing by-products formed by the different disinfectants, ozone, chlorine dioxide, and chloramine formed fewer halogenated DBPs than chlorine.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bull, R. J. and Kopfler, F. C.: 1991, Health Effects of Disinfectants and Disinfection By-products, AWWA Research Foundation, Denver, CO.
Glaze, W. H. and Weinberg, H. S.: 1993, Identification and Occurrence of Ozonation By-Products in Drinking Water, American Water Works Association Research Foundation, Denver, CO.
Grosjean, E. and Grosjean, D.: 1995, Liquid Chromatographic Analysis of C1-C10 Carbonyls. Intern. J.Environ. Anal. Chem. 61, 47-64.
Komulainen, H., Kosma, V.-M., Vaittinen, S.-L., Vartianinen, T., Kaliste-Korhonen, E., Lotjonen, S., Tuominen, R. K. and Tuomisto, J.; 1997, Carcinogenicity of the Drinking Water Mutagen 3-Chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanon, J. Nat. Cancer Inst. 89, 848-856.
Richardson, S. D., Thruston, Jr. A. D., Collette, T. W., Patterson, K. S., Lykins, Jr. B. W., Majetich, G. and Zhang, Y.: 1994, Multispectral Identification of Chlorine Dioxide Disinfection Byproducts in Drinking Water, Environ. Sci. Technol. 28, 592-599.
Richardson, S. D.: 1998, Drinking Water Disinfection By-products, in R.A. Meyers (ed), The Encyclopedia of Environmental Analysis & Remediation, vol. 3, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1898-1421.
Richardson, S. D., Thruston, Jr. A. D., Caughran, T. V., Chen, P. H., Collette, T. W., Floyd, T. L., Patterson, K. S., Lykins, Jr. B. W., Sun, G. and Majetich, G. (in press), Identification of New Drinking Water Disinfection By-products Formed in the Presence of Bromide, Environ. Sci. Technol.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Richardson, S.D., Thruston, A.D., Caughran, T.V. et al. Identification of New Drinking Water Disinfection by - Products from Ozone, Chlorine Dioxide, Chloramine, and Chlorine. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 123, 95–102 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005265509813
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005265509813