Skip to main content
Log in

XPS and DSC Studies of Solution Cast Polystyrene/Poly(organophosphazene) Blends. I. Polystyrene/Poly(phenoxy)phosphazene

  • Published:
Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Blends of polystyrene (PS) with poly(phenoxy)phosphazene (PPN) were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). A third component, poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether) (PPE), was added with the aim of increasing compatibility of the blends. T g values did not vary in the PS/PPN blends, indicating that the components are substantially incompatible. The addition of PPE did not change the situation much even though some compatibility between PPN and PPE was detected. XPS on the cast films showed that only PPN was present at the surface. The surface composition of the blends was found to be dependent on the preparation technique.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

REFERENCES

  1. T. M. Connelly and J. K. Gilham, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 20, 473 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  2. R. L. Dieck and E. J. Quinn, U.S. Patent 4,055,520 (assigned to Armstrong Cork Co.) (1977).

  3. R. L. Dieck and E. J. Quinn, U.S. Patent 4,073,824 (assigned to Armstrong Cork Co.) (1978).

  4. J. J. Beres, N. S. Schneider, C. R. Desper, and R. E. Singler, Macromolecules 12, 566 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  5. A. H. DeEdwardo, F. Zitomer, D. Stuetz, R. E. Singler, and D. Macaione, Org. Coat. Prep. 36, 737 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  6. A. H. DeEdwardo, F. Zitomer, R. W. Stackman, and C. E. Kramer, U.S. Patent 4,042,561 (assigned to Celanese Corp.) (1977).

  7. R. L. Dieck and E. J. Quinn, U.S. Patent 4,061,606 (assigned to Armstrong Cork Co.) (1977).

  8. D. R. Brackenridge, U.S. Patent 4,079,035 (assigned to Ethyl Corp.) (1978).

  9. K. M. Abraham, M. Alamgir, and S. J. Perrotti, J. Electrochem. Soc. 135, 535 (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  10. K. M. Abraham, M. Alamgir, and R. K. Reynolds, J. Electrochem. Soc. 136, 3576 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  11. S. C. Chang, U.S. Patent 4,966,937 (assigned to Ethyl Corp.) (1990).

  12. K. M. Abraham, M. Alamgir, and R. D. Moulton, J. Electrochem. Soc. 138, 921 (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  13. C. J. T. Landry, W. T. Ferrar, and D. M. Teegarden, Eur. Pat. Appl. 485,033 (assigned to Eastman Kodak Co.) (1992).

  14. H. R. Allcock and K. B. Visscher, Chem. Mater. 4, 1182 (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  15. C. J. T. Landry, W. T. Ferrar, D. M. Teegarden, and B. K. Coltrain, Macromolecules 26, 35 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  16. C. J. T. Landry, W. T. Ferrar, and D. M. Teegarden, U.S. Patent 5,250,626 (assigned to Eastman Kodak Co.) (1993).

  17. Y. W. Chen-Yang and T. T. Wu, ACS Polym. Prepr. 34, 272 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  18. Y. W. Chen-Yang, H. F. Lee, and T. T. Wu, in Inorganic and Organometallic Polmers II. Advanced Materials and Intermediates, P. Wisian-Neilson, H. R. Allcock, and K. J. Wynne, eds. (ACS Symposium Series, Vol. 572, Washington, DC, 1994), p. 295.

  19. H. R. Allcock and K. B. Visscher, U.S. Patent 5,457,160 (assigned to The Penn State Research Foundation) (1995).

  20. J. L. Acosta and E. Morales, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 60, 1185 (1996).

    Google Scholar 

  21. J. L. Acosta, E. Morales, M. Paleo, and J. R. Jurado, Eur. Polym. J. 32, 13 (1996).

    Google Scholar 

  22. J. L. Acosta Luque, E. Morales Bergas, and J. R. Jurado Egea, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 59, 1173 (1996).

    Google Scholar 

  23. B. L. Denq, W. Y. Chiu, L. W. Chen, and C. Y. Lee, Polym. Degrad. Stabil. 57, 261 (1997).

    Google Scholar 

  24. B. L. Denq, Y. S. Hu, W. Y. Chiu, L. W. Chen, and Y. S. Chiu, Polym. Degrad. Stabil. 57, 269 (1997).

    Google Scholar 

  25. S. E. M. Ibim, A. M. A. Ambrosio, M. S. Kwon, S. F. El-Amin, H. R. Allcock, and C. T. Laurencin, Biomaterials 18, 1565 (1997).

    Google Scholar 

  26. J. F. Witner and G. S. Kyker, U.S. Patent 4,000,166 (assigned to Firestone Tire 6 Rubber Co.) (1976).

  27. R. L. Dieck and E. J. Quinn, U.S. Patent 4,026,839 (assigned to Armstrong Cork Co.) (1977).

  28. R. L. Dieck and E. J. Quinn, U.S. Patent 4,073,825 (assigned to Armstrong Cork Co.) (1978).

  29. M. Gleria, Phosphorus Res. Bull. 10, 55 (1999).

    Google Scholar 

  30. M. Gleria, F. Minto, G. Fontana, R. Bertani, and G. Facchin, Macromolecules 28, 4399 (1995).

    Google Scholar 

  31. M. M. Coleman and P. C. Painter, Prog. Polym. Sci. 20, 1 (1995).

    Google Scholar 

  32. C. J. T. Landry, B. K. Coltrain, D. M. Teegarden, and W. T. Ferrar, Macromolecules 26, 5543 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  33. W. J. MacKnight, F. E. Karasz, and J. R. Frieds, in Polymer Blends, Vol. 1, D. R. Paul and S. Newman, eds. (Academic Press, New York, 1978), p. 201.

    Google Scholar 

  34. M. M. Coleman, J. F. Graf, and P. C. Painter, Specific Interactions and the Miscibility of Polymer Blends (Technomic, Lancaster, PA, 1991).

    Google Scholar 

  35. D. H.-K. Pan and W. M. Prest, Jr., J. Appl. Phys. 58, 2861 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  36. H. J. Busscher, W. Hoogsten, L. Dijkema, G. A. Sawetsky, A. W. J. van Pelt, H. P. de Jong, G. Challa, and J. Arends, Polym. Commun. 26, 252 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  37. J. L. Angulo-Sanchez and R. D. Short, Polymer 36, 1559 (1995).

    Google Scholar 

  38. J. L. Schmidt, J. A. Gardella, Jr., and L. Salvati, Jr., Macromolecules 22, 4489 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  39. Q. S. Bhatia, D. H. Pan, and J. T. Koberstein, Macromolecules 21, 2166 (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  40. K. Tanaka, A. Takahara, and T. Kajiyama, Macromolecules 21, 868 (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  41. T. Kajiyama, K. Tanaka, and A. Takahara, Macromolecules 31, 3746 (1998).

    Google Scholar 

  42. I. O. Volkov, M. M. Gorelova, A. J. Pertsin, L. V. Filimonova, M. A. P. R. Torres, and C. M. F. Oliveira, J. Appl. Poym. Sci. 68, 517 (1998).

    Google Scholar 

  43. J. M. Piglowski and M. Bryjak, Eur. Polym. J. 34, 1669 (1998).

    Google Scholar 

  44. P. E. Austin, G. H. Riding, and H. R. Allcock, Macromolecules 16, 719 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  45. J. Brandrup, E. H. Immergut, and E. A. Grulke (eds.), Polymer Handbook, 4th ed. (Wiley, Chichester, 1999).

    Google Scholar 

  46. H. R. Allcock, M. N. Mang, A. A. Dembek, and K. J. Wynne, Macromolecules 22, 4179 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  47. G. Beamson and D. Briggs, High Resolution XPS of Organic Polymers (Wiley, Chichester, 1992).

    Google Scholar 

  48. A. R. Schultz and B. M. Gendron, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 16, 461 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  49. F. Garbassi, M. Morra, and E. Occhiello, Polymer Surfaces. From Physics to Technology (Wiley, Chichester, 1994).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Gleria, M., Minto, F., Braglia, R. et al. XPS and DSC Studies of Solution Cast Polystyrene/Poly(organophosphazene) Blends. I. Polystyrene/Poly(phenoxy)phosphazene. Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers 10, 23–38 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009452331855

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009452331855

Navigation