Summary
Following administration of psychotropic drugs, the brains of rabbits were examined by electron microscopy, with special references to glycogen granules in the hippocampus, and were compared with the normal materials. After seven days' intramuscular injections of chlorpromazine (15 mg/kg/day) or trifluoperazine (10 mg/kg/day), glycogen granules appeared diffusely in the perikaryal cytoplasm of the pyramidal cells and small nerve cells and in the myelinated nerve fibers, and were accumulated in the dendrites of pyramidal cells and in the astrocytic cytoplasm. Those animals showed neuroleptic symptomes and extrapyramidal ones throughout the period. The administration of the drugs might inhibit the glycolytic metabolism in neurons and glial cells of the hippocampus.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Brosnan, C.F., Bunge, M.B., Murry, M.R.: The response of lysosomes in cultured neurons to chlorpromazine. J. Neuropath. exp. Neurol. 29, 337–353 (1970).
Delay, J., Deniker, P., Harl, J.M.: Utilisation en thérapeutique d'une phénothiazine d'action centrale élective (4560 RP). Ann. méd.- Psychol. 110, 112–131 (1952).
Dom, R.: Local glial reaction in the CNS of albino-rats in response to the administration of a neuroleptic drug (butyrophenone). Acta neurol. belg. 67, 755–762 (1967).
Estler, C.J.: Glykogengehalt des Gehirns und Körpertemperatur weißer Mäuse unter dem Einfluß einiger zentral dämpfender und erregender Pharmaka. Med. exp. (Basel) 4, 209–213 (1961).
Forrest, F.M., Forrest, I.S., Roizin, L.: Clinical, biochemical and post mortem studies on a patient treated with chlorpromazine. Revue Agressologie 4, 259–265 (1963).
Hamlyn, L.H.: An electron microscope study of pyramidal neurons in the Ammon's Horn of the rabbit. J. Anat. (Lond.) 97, 189–201 (1963).
Hutchins, D.A., Rogers, K.J.: Physiological and drug-induced changes in the glycogen content of mouse brain. Brit. J. Pharmacol. 39, 9–25 (1970).
Imai, Y., Sue, A., Yamaguchi, A.: A removing method of the resin from epoxy-embedded sections for light microscopy. J. Electronmicroscopy 17, 84–85 (1968).
Koizumi, J., Shiraishi, H.: Ultrastructural appearance of glycogen in the hypothalamus of the rabbit following chlorpromazine administration. Exp. Brain Res. 10, 276–282 (1970a).
—: Glycogen accumulation in astrocytes of the striatum and pallidum of the rabbit following administration of psychotropic drugs. J. Electronmicroscopy 19, 182–188 (1970b).
—: Glycogen accumulation in dendrites of the rabbit pallidum following trifluoperazine administration. Exp. Brain Res. 11, 387–391 (1970c).
Luft, J.H.: Improvements in epoxy resin embedding methods. J. biophys. biochem. Cytol. 9, 409–414 (1961).
MacLean, P.D.: Neurophysiologic symposium: Limbic system and its hippocampal formation in animals and their possible application to man. J. Neurosurg. 11, 29–44 (1954).
—: The limbic system (“Visceral brain”) in relation to central gray and reticulum of the brain stem. Evidence of interdependence in emotional processes. Psychosom. Med. 17, 355–366 (1955).
—: Contrasting functions of limbic and neocortical system of the brain and their relevance to psychophysiological aspects of medicine. Amer. J. Med. 25, 611–626 (1958).
Maxwell, D.S., Kruger, L.: The fine structure of astrocytes in the cerebral cortex and their response to focal injury produced by heavy ionizing particles. J. Cell Biol. 25, 141–157 (1965).
Millonig, G.: Advantages of a phosphate buffer for OsO4 solutions in fixation. J. appl. Physiol. 32, 1637 (1961a).
—: A modified procedure for lead staining of thin sections. J. biophys. biochem. Cytol. 11, 736–739 (1961b).
Niklowitz, W.: Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen an den Pyramidenzellen des Ammonshorns. Nervenarzt 35, 463–467 (1964).
—, Bak, I.J.: Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen am Ammonshorn. I. Die normale Substruktur der Pyramidenzellen. Z. Zellforsch. 66, 529–547 (1965).
—: Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen am Ammonshorn. II. Über die Substruktur der Pyramidenzellen nach Methoxypyridoxin-Vergiftung. Z. Zellforsch. 70, 220–239 (1966a).
—: Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen am Ammonshorn. III. Mitteilung. Vergleichende Phasenkontrastund Elektronenmikroskopische Darstellung der Moosfaserschicht. Z. Zellforsch. 75, 485–500 (1966b).
Palay, S.L., McGee-Russell, S.M., Gordon, S., Grillo, M.A.: Fixation of neural tissue for electron microscopy by perfusion with solutions of osmium tetroxide. J. Cell Biol. 12, 385–410 (1962).
Papez, J.W.: A proposed mechanism of emotion. Arch. Neurol. Psychiat. (Chic.) 38, 725–743 (1937).
—: Visceral brain, its component parts and their connections. J. nerv. ment. Dis. 126, 40–56 (1958).
Revel, J.P., Napolitano, L., Fawcett, D.W.: Identification of glycogen in electron micrographs of thin tissue sections. J. biophys. biochem. Cytol. 8, 575–589 (1960).
Reynolds, E.S.: The use of lead citrate at high pH as an electronopaque stain in electron microscopy. J. Cell Biol. 17, 208–212 (1963).
Roizin, L.: Mitochondria (Pleomorpho Metabolosomes) as histometabolic gradients. (Effects of prochlorperazine on the rat brain as revealed by electron microscope). Dis. nerv. Syst. Monograph. Suppl. 24, 61–66 (1963).
-Roizin, L.: Neural mitochondria of rats and monkeys treated with prochlorperazine. In: Neuropsychopharmacology. Vol. 3, pp. 232–236. Ed. by P. B. Bradley, F. Flügel and P. Hoch. Elsevier Publishing Company 1964.
Romasenko, V.A., Jacobson, I.S.: Morpho-Histochemical study of the action of trifluoperazine on the brain of white rats. Acta neuropath. (Berl.) 12, 23–32 (1969).
Shimizu, N., Ishii, S.: Electron microscopic observation of catecholamine containing granules in the hypothalamus and the area postrema and their changes following reserpine injection. Arch. histol. jap. 24, 489–497 (1964).
Smythies, J.R.: Brain mechanisms and behaviour. An outline of the mechanisms of emotion, memory, learning and the organization of behaviour, with particular regard to the limbic system. Second edition. Oxford and Edinburgh: Blackwell Scientific Publications 1970.
Wilke, G., Iizuka, R.: Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen zur Frage der Chlorpromazinwirkung auf die Ultrastruktur der Hirnrinde. Nervenarzt 31, 515–519 (1960).
Wolff, H.: Histochemische und elektronenmikroskopische Beobachtungen über die Glykogenverteilung im Hypothalamus einiger Winterschläfer. (Mit quantitativen Bemerkungen). Z. Zellforsch. 88, 228–261 (1968).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Koizumi, J., Shiraishi, H. Ultrastructural appearance of glycogen in the hippocampus of the rabbit following administration of psychotropic drugs. Exp Brain Res 13, 451–460 (1971). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00234341
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00234341