Skip to main content
Log in

Apparently non-expressed alleles of factor B (BF) code for hypomorphic proteins

  • Original articles
  • Published:
Immunogenetics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In three families with an apparent non-expressed factor B (BF) allele (BF * Q0), advanced methods of isoelectric focusing for the determination of BF F subtypes revealed different hypomorphic BF products (BF QL) with functional hemolytic activity expressed by the assumed BF * Q0 allele. A Taq I and a Msp I restriction fragment length polymorphism as well as the Ba fragment of the expression products showed banding patters for the BF * QL alleles corresponding to BF S types, whereas an altered Bb fragment was seen in two BF QL products. In one family an intragenic recombination site within the Bb part of the BF gene was assumed. Investigations of factor B and its conversion fragments, as demonstrated by the used methods, allow to complement molecular genetic investigations of BF * Q0 alleles in heterozygous genotypes on a protein level. We conclude that apparently non-expressed alleles of factor B code for hypomorphic but functionally active proteins.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abbal, M., Thomsen, I., Cambon-Thomsen, A., Archambeau, J., Calot, M., and Fathallah, D.: Two subtypes of Bf*F by isoelectrofocusing: Differential linkage to other HLA markers. Hum Genet 69: 181–183, 1985

    Google Scholar 

  • Abbal, M., Moennarid, C., Cambon-Thomsen, A., Tkaczuk, J., Ohayon, E., and Mauff, G.: A new BF variant (BF S11), with information for orientation for MHC-class III genes. Immunogenetics 26: 320–322, 1987

    Google Scholar 

  • Allen, F. H.: Linkage of HL-A and GBG. Vox Sang 27: 382–384, 1974

    Google Scholar 

  • Alper, C. A., Boenisch, T., and Watson, L.: Genetic polymorphism in human glycine-rich beta-glycoprotein. J Exp Med 135: 68–80, 1972

    Google Scholar 

  • Alper, C. A., Awdeh, Z. L., and Yunis, E. J.: Complotypes and extended haplotypes in laboratory medicine. Complement Inflamm 6: 8–18, 1989

    Google Scholar 

  • Bentley, D. R. and Campbell, R. D.: C2 and factor B: structure and genetics. Biochem Soc Symp 51: 7–18, 1986

    Google Scholar 

  • Bertrams, J. and Mauff, G.: Another family with a silent allele of properdin factor B polymorphism (BF*Q0). Hum Genet 70: 321–323, 1985

    Google Scholar 

  • Carroll, M. C., Campbell, R. D., Bentley, D. R., and Porter, R. R.: A molecular map of the human histocompatibility complex class III region linking complement genes C4, C2 and factor B. Nature 307: 237–241, 1984

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunham, C. A., Sargant, J., Trowsdale, J., and Campbell, R. D.: Orientation and localization of the complement genes in the human MHC by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Complement Inflamm (Abstract) 4: 152–153, 1987

    Google Scholar 

  • Fathallah, D., Abbal, M., Thomsen, M., Cambon-Thomsen, A., and Campbell, R. D.: A DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism in the complement region of the human MHC shows an absolute correlation with polymorphism of complement factor B (BF) defined by isoelectric focusing. J Immunogenet 12: 321–326, 1985

    Google Scholar 

  • Geserick, G., Patzelt, D., Schröder, H., and Nagai, T.: Isoelectrofocusing in the study of the Bf system. Existence of two common subtypes of the Bf*F allele. Vox Sang 44: 178–182, 1983

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Geserick, G. and Patzelt, D.: Factor B (BF) subtyping by isoelectric focusing: Methods, nomenclatures, genetics and forensic application. Electrophoresis 9: 418–421, 1988

    Google Scholar 

  • Geserick, G., Abbal, M., Mauff, G., and Siemens, I.: Factor B (BF) nomenclature statement. Complement Inflamm 7: 255–260, 1990a

    Google Scholar 

  • Geserick, G., Abbal, M., Brenden, M., Braun-Stilwell, M., Mauff, G., Schröder, H., and Siemens, I.: Factor B reference typing report. Complement Inflamm 7: 183–189, 1990b

    Google Scholar 

  • Kitamura, H., Nishimukai, H., Sano, Y., and Nagaki, K.: Study on C3-like factor in the serum of a C3-deficient subject. Immunology 51: 239–245, 1984

    Google Scholar 

  • Lachmann, P. J.: Inherited complement deficiencies. Philos Trans R Soc Lond (Biol) 306: 419–430, 1984

    Google Scholar 

  • Lachmann, P. J.: Complement genetics and host defence. Int J Med Microbiol 274: 316–324, 1990

    Google Scholar 

  • Mauff, G., Hummel, K., and Pulverer, G.: Properdin factor B (glycinrich beta-glycoprotein or C3 proactivator) polymorphism: Genetic and biochemical aspects. First application to paternity cases. Z Immun Forsch 150: 327–338, 1975

    Google Scholar 

  • Mauff, G., Federmann, G., and Hauptmann, G.: A hemolytically inactive gene product of factor B. Immunobiology 158: 96–100, 1980

    Google Scholar 

  • Orkin, S. H., Kazazian, H. H. Jr., Antonarakis, S. E., Ostrer, H., Goff, S. C., and Sexton, J. P.: Abnormal RNA processing due to the exon mutation of βE-globin gene. Nature 300: 768–769, 1982

    Google Scholar 

  • Raum, D., Surgenor, T., Awdeh, Z., Marcus, D., Blumenthal, M., Yunis, E., and Alper, C. A.: An unusual “morphologic” variant of BF S. Am J Hum Genet 36: 346–351, 1984

    Google Scholar 

  • Rittner, C. and Schneider, P. M.: Genetics and polymorphism of the complement components. In K. Rother and G. O. Till (eds.). The Complement System, pp. 80–135, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1988

    Google Scholar 

  • Schneider, P. M., Carroll, M. C., Alper, C. A., Rittner, C., Whitehead, A. S., Yunis, E. J., and Colten, H. R.: Polymorphism of the human complement C4 and steroid 21-hydroxylase genes: restriction fragment length polymorphism revealing structural deletions, homoduplications and size variants. J Clin Invest 78: 650–657, 1986

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Siemens, I., Bender, K., Geserick, G., Mauff, G., and Pulverer, G.: The BF F subtypes are detectable in the Ba fragment of factor B. Forensic Sci Int 42: 279–286, 1989

    Google Scholar 

  • Siemens, I., Mauff, G., Geserick, G., Du Toit, E., Abbal, M., and Bertrams, J.: Detection of hypomorphic factor B (BF) gene products in 3 families with an assumed non-expressed BF allele. Complement Inflamm (Abstract) 8: 223, 1991

    Google Scholar 

  • Siemens, I., Geserick, G., Mauff, G., Correns, A., and Schröder, H.: Improvement of BF typing and BF F subtyping after neuraminidase treatment in the unconverted and converted factor B. Electrophoresis 13: 367–372, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Suciu-Foca, N., O'Neil, G., and Rubinstein, P.: Evidence of a possible Bf “null” allele. In P. I. Terasaki (ed.).: Histocompatibility Testing, pp. 935–936, UCLA Tissue Typing Laboratory, Los Angeles, 1980

    Google Scholar 

  • Treisman, R., Orkin, S. H., and Maniatis, T.: Specific transcription and RNA splicing defects in five cloned β-thalassaemia genes. Nature 302: 591–596, 1983

    Google Scholar 

  • Tokunaga, K., Omoto, K., Yukiama, Y., Sakurai, M., Saji, H., and Maruy, E.: Further study on a Bf silent allele. Hum Genet 67: 449–451, 1984

    Google Scholar 

  • Weidinger, S., Schwarzfischer, F., and Cleve, H. Z.: An indication for the existence of a Bf null allele. Rechtsmed 83: 259–264, 1979

    Google Scholar 

  • Weidinger, S., Schwerd, W., Patutschnick, W., and Schwarzfischer, F.: Further evidence for a properdin factor B null allele. Complement Inflamm 6: 303, 1989

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

Correspondence to : I. Siemens.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Siemens, I., Brenden, M., Mauff, G. et al. Apparently non-expressed alleles of factor B (BF) code for hypomorphic proteins. Immunogenetics 37, 24–28 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00223541

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00223541

Keywords

Navigation