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The serology and immunochemistry of HIV-induced platelet-bound immunoglobulin

  • Proceedings Of The International Workshop On ITP
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Summary

A study was carried out on the presence of platelet-bound immunoglobulins, platelet-bound complement and serum immunoglobulin reactive with platelets in the blood of persons infected with HIV and those at risk of HIV infection. Platelet-bound immunoglobulins, predominantly IgG and IgM, but not complement, were demonstrated by immunofluorescence in 16 out of 16 patients with AIDS, in 5 out of 7 with AIDS-related complex/persistent generalized lymphadenopathy and in 7 out of 10 apparently healthy sexually active homosexual men, of whom 2 were anti-HIV1 seropositive. There was no correlation between the presence of platelet-bound immunoglobulins and either the platelet count or the level of circulating immune complexes. The specificity of the platelet-bound immunoglobulins and platelet-reactive immunoglobulins in the corresponding sera was studied. Platelet-bound immunoglobulins were eluted and then investigated for cross-reactivity with HIV. Both sera and eluates were tested for reactivity with cardiolipin and reactivity with the major target antigen in classical autoimmune thrombocytopenia, the GP IIb/IIIa complex. Of 17 eluates containing platelet-reactive immunoglobulins, 5 reacted with HIV-determinants but 2 out of 5 eluates that did not contain platelet-reactive immunoglobulins also reacted. Although anti-cardiolipin antibodies were detected in all sera, none of the 17 eluates reacted with cardiolipin. Moreover, sera and eluates, reactive with normal platelets, did not react with type-1-Glanzmann disease platelets. This indicates that the antibodies are directed against the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex of platelets. This could not be confirmed by immunoprecipitation or by immunoblotting, however. We conclude that the presence of platelet-bound immunoglobulins is common in HIV-infection but may also occur in persons at risk and that the nature of the auto-antibodies is not different from that of the auto-antibodies observed in classical ITP.

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Abbreviations

AITP :

Autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura

BSA :

Bovine serum albumin

EDTA :

Ethylenediaminetetraacetate

FITC :

Fluoresceine isiothiocyanate

HIV :

Human immunodeficiency virus

Ig :

Immunoglobulin

PIFT :

Platelet immunofluorescence test

PFA :

Paraformaldehyde

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Immunohaematology, Central Laboratory of the Netherlands Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service and Laboratory for Experimental and Clinical Immunology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    R. J. L. Klaassen, A. B. J. Vlekke & A. E. G. K. von dem Borne

  2. Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    J. van der Lelie, J. K. M. Eeftinck Schattenkerk, P. Reiss & A. E. G. K. von dem Borne

  3. Department of Internal Medicine, Onze Lieve Vrouw Gasthuis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    H. M. Weigel

Authors
  1. R. J. L. Klaassen
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  2. J. van der Lelie
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  3. A. B. J. Vlekke
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  4. H. M. Weigel
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  5. J. K. M. Eeftinck Schattenkerk
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  6. P. Reiss
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  7. A. E. G. K. von dem Borne
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Klaassen, R.J.L., van der Lelie, J., Vlekke, A.B.J. et al. The serology and immunochemistry of HIV-induced platelet-bound immunoglobulin. Blut 59, 75–81 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00320253

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00320253

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