Summary
We used 15N technology to investigate N2 fixation by Sesbania speciosa and Sesbania rostrata and its transfer to a lowland rice crop after incorporation of the Sesbania spp. into soil as green manure. During the first 50 days after establishment in November–December 1989, S. speciosa and S. rostrata produced 1126 and 923 kg dry matter ha-1 respectively. They gathered 31 and 23 kg N ha-1 respectively, of which 62%±5% and 55%±3% respectively, came from N2 fixation. Both these species produced a greater biomass during September–October 1989, with S. rostrata producing more than S. speciosa. These results reflected differential responses by the plants to different day lengths at different times of the year. Furthermore, the dry matter yield and %N of 15N-labelled S. speciosa were smaller than those of the unlabelled plants, possibly due to inhibition of N2 fixation in root nodules by the chemical N fertilizers added during labelling. These differences were not so pronounced in the stem-nodulated S. rostrata. The increased grain yield of rice fertilized with N in the form of chemical fertilizer or green manure was a result of an increased number of panicles per hill. The rice crop manured with S. speciosa produced a lower grain yield, with a lower grain weight than that manured with S. rostrata. This was due to a low uptake of soil N by rice manured with S. speciosa. Recovery of N from the green manure in rice straw with S. speciosa was significantly higher than from rice manured with S. rostrata, because of the higher applied N uptake by rice manured with the former.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Axmann H, Sebastianelli A, Arrillaga JL (1990) Sample preparation techniques of biological material for isotope analysis. In: Hardarson G (ed) Use of nuclear techniques in studies of soil-plant relationships. IAEA, Vienna, pp 41–53
Becker M, Ladha JK, Ottow JCG (1990) Growth and N2-fixation of two stem-nodulating legumes and their effect as green manures on lowland rice. Soil Biol Biochem 22:1109–1119
Buhyoff G, Rauscher H, Hull B IV, Killeen K, Kirk R (1983) Statistical Processing System (SPS), School of forestry and wildlife resources, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, USA
CTA, ISRA, LGG, ORSTOM (1988) Sesbania rostrata: Fundamental research and agricultural applications. Abstracts of a workshop held in Senegal, 5–8 January 1988, Dakar, Senegal
Danso SKA, Kumarashinghe KS (1990) Assessment of potential sources of errors in nitrogen fixation measurement by the nitrogen-15 isotope dilution technique. Plant and Soil 125:87–93
Ham GE, Liener IE, Evans SD, Frazier RD, Nelson WW (1975) Yield and composition of soybean seed as affected by N and S fertilizer. Agron J 67:293–297
Hardarson G, Danso SKA (1989) Use of N-15 methodology to assess biological nitrogen fixation. In. Training manual. IAEA Laboratories, Seibersdorf, Austria
Kulasooriya SA, Seneviratne PRG, De Silva WSAG, Abeysekera SW, Wijesundara C, De Silva AP (1988) Isotopic studies on N2-fixation in Azolla and the availability of its nitrogen to rice. Symbiosis 6:151–166
Ndoye I, Dreyfus B (1988) N2-fixation by Sesbania rostrata and Sesbania sesban estimated using 15N and total N difference methods. Soil Biol Biochem 20:209–213
Pal UR, Saxena MC (1975) Contribution of symbiosis to the nitrogen needs of soyabean (Glycine max L. Merr.). Acta Agron 24:430–437
Palm CA, Sanchez PA (1991) Nitrogen release from the leaves of some tropical legumes as affected by their lignin and polyphenolic contents. Soil Biol Biochem 23:83–88
Palm O, Weerakoon WL, De Silva MAP, Rosswall T (1988) Nitrogen mineralization of Sesbania sesban used as green manure for lowland rice in Sri Lanka. Plant and Soil 108:201–209
Pareek RP, Ladha JK, Watanabe I (1990) Estimating N2-fixation by Sesbana rostrata and S. cannabina (Syn. S. aculeata) in lowland rice soil by 15N dilution method. Biol Fertil Soils 10:77–88
Rinaudo G, Alazard D, Moudiongui A (1988) Stem nodulating legumes as green manures for rice in West Africa. In: Sustainable agriculture: Green manure in rice farming. International Rice Research Institute, Manila, Philippines, pp 97–109
Rudd V (1992) Leguminosae. In: Dassanayake MD, Fosberg FR (eds) A revised handbook of the flora of Ceylon. Amerind Publishing Co, New Delhi (in press)
Singh NT (1984) Green manures as sources of nutrients in rice production. In: Organic matter and rice. International Rice Research Institute, Manila, Philippines, pp 217–228
Weber CR (1966) Nodulating and Nonnodulating soyabean isolines: II. Response to applied nitrogen and modified soil conditions. Agron J 58:46–49
Weerakoon WL, Seneviratne G, De Silva MAP, Seneviratne AM (1992) Evaluation of Sesbania speciosa as a green manure for lowland rice in the dry zone of Sri Lanka. Plant and Soil (in press)
Witty JF (1983) Estimating N2-fixation in the field using 15N labelled fertilizer: Some problems and solutions. Soil Biol Biochem 15:631–639
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Seneviratne, G., Kulasooriya, S.A., Weerakoon, W.L. et al. N2 fixation in two Sesbania species and its transfer to rice (Oryza sativa L.) as revealed by 15N technology. Biol Fertil Soils 14, 37–42 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00336300
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00336300