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Two-stage therapy in the treatment of sacral tumors

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Summary

Sacral tumors are rare and may be clinically overlooked for a long period, because the symptoms and signs are often mild and non-specific. This led to frequent errors in clinical diagnosis and a long delay between the onset of symptoms and treatment. On presentation the lesions frequently expanded the anterior cortex, however, in most patients the periosteum of the sacrum and the presacral fascia form an unbroken barrier for a tumor. The pelvic viscera are not infiltrated by the tumor until late. Wide excision is difficult and often causes urogenital and/or anorectal dysfunction, but preserving the sacral nerve roots often leads to local recurrence. Surgical wide excision with a combined anterior-posterior approach is considered the treatment of choice for large lesions with significant anterior intrapelvic extension. This paper reports data resulting from the treatment of five large sacral tumors with comments on the results.

Zusammenfassung

Sakraltumoren sind selten und können klinisch über einen langen Zeitraum hinweg übersehen werden, da die Symptomatik oft schwach ausgeprägt und unspezifisch ist. Dies führte klinisch häufig zu Fehldiagnosen und zu einer langen Verzögerung des Therapiebeginns seit dem Einsetzen der Symptome. Bei der Darstellung der Läsionen zeigt sich häufig, daß diese die vordere kortikale Wand ausdehnen oder perforieren. Bei den meisten Patienten bilden das Periost des Sakrums und die präsakrale Faszie eine nicht zu durchbrechende Barriere für einen Tumor. Die Beckeneingeweide werden erst spät von dem Tumor infiltriert. Eine weite Resektion ist schwierig; es kann dabei zu einer Blasen- und/oder Darmfunktionsstörung kommen. Erhält man aber die sakralen Nervenwurzeln, führt dies oft zu lokalen Rezidiven. Bei großen Läsionen mit weiter Ausdehnung ins kleine Becken wird die radikale Resektion mit einem kombinierten antero-posterioren Zugang als Therapie der Wahl angesehen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird über die Behandlungsergebnisse von fünf großen Sakraltumoren berichtet und kommentiert.

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Wuisman, P., Härle, A., Matthiaß, H.H. et al. Two-stage therapy in the treatment of sacral tumors. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 108, 255–260 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00936213

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00936213

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