Abstract
We have recently reported that rates of muscle glycogen repletion during the early period of recovery were increased by carbohydrate (CHO) loading in rats previously fed a high fat diet. However, the reason for this remained unanswered. The purpose of this study was to examine whether an increase of glycogen utilization due to an elevated pre-exercise glycogen store would enhance rates of glycogen repletion in muscle. Despite an equal degree of glycogen depletion, the rates of glycogen repletion of soleus, red and white gastrocnemius muscles by postexercise administration of glucose (3.0 g · kg−1 body mass) and citrate (0.5 g · kg−1 body mass) were faster in the CHO loaded (3 days) rats than in the nonloaded rats, as a result of elevated pre-exercise glycogen content and consequently the greater glycogen utilization. The higher rate of muscle glycogen repletion may in part be explained by increased postexercise glycogen synthase activity.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bergstrom J, Hultman E (1972) Nutrition for maximal sports performance. JAMA 221:999–1006
Bergstrom J, Hultman E, Roch-Norlund AE (1972) Muscle glycogen synthetase in normal subjects. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 29:231–236
Blom PCS, Costill DL, Vollestad NK (1987a) Exhaustive running: inappropriate as a stimulus of muscle glycogen supercompensation. Med Sci Sports Exerc 19:398–403
Blom PCS, Hostmark AT, Vaage O, Kardel KR, Mæhlum S (1987b) Effect of different post-exercise sugar diets on the rate of muscle glycogen synthesis. Med Sci Sports Exerc 19:491–496
Bosch AN, Dennis SC, Noakes TD (1993) Influence of carbohydrate loading on fuel substrate turnover and oxidation during prolonged exercise. J Appl Physiol 74:1921–1927
Conlee RK, Hickson RC, Winder WW, Hagberg JM, Holloszy JO (1978) Regulation of glycogen resynthesis in muscles of rats following exercise. Am J Physiol [Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol] 235:R145-R150
Costill DL, Fink WJ, Hargreaves M, King DS, Thomas R, Fielding R (1985) Metabolic characteristics of skeletal muscle during detraining from competitive swimming. Med Sci Sports Exerc 17:339–343
Coyle EF, Coggan AR, Hemmert MK, Lowe RC, Walters TJ (1985) Substrate usage during prolonged exercise following a preexercise meal. J Appl Physiol 59:429–433
Danforth WH (1965) Glycogen synthetase activity in skeletal muscle. J Biol Chem 240:588–593
Hargreaves M, Kiens B, Richter EA (1991) Effect of increased plasma free fatty acid concentrations on muscle metabolism in exercising men. J Appl Physiol 70:194–201
Ivy JL, Katz L, Cutler CL, Sherman WM, Coyle EF (1988) Muscle glycogen synthesis after exercise: effect of time of carbohydrate ingestion. J Appl Physiol 64:1480–1485
Kraegen EW, Clark PW, Jenkins AB, Daley EA, Chisholm DJ, Storlien LH (1991) Development of muscle insulin resistance after liver insulin resistance in high-fat-fed rats. Diabetes 40:1397–1403
Laughlin MH, Mohrman SJ, Armstrong RB (1984) Muscular blood flow distribution patterns in the hindlimb of swimming rats. Am J Physiol 246:H398-H403
Lo S, Russel JC, Taylor AW (1970) Determination of glycogen in small tissues. J Appl Physiol 28:234–236
Miller WC, Bryce GR, Conlee RK (1984) Adaptation to a high-fat diet that increases exercise endurance in male rats. J Appl Physiol 235: E255-E260
Reed MJ, Brozinick JT Jr, Lee MC, Ivy JL (1989) Muscle glycogen storage postexercise: effect of mode of carbohydrate administration. J Appl Physiol 66:720–726
Saitoh S, Yoshitake Y, Suzuki M (1983) Enhanced glycogen repletion in liver and skeletal muscle with citrate orally fed after exhaustive treadmill running and swimming. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 29:45–52
Saitoh S, Shimomura Y, Tasaki Y, Suzuki M (1992) Effect of short-term exercise training on muscle glycogen in resting conditions in rats fed a high fat diet. Eur J Appl Physiol 64:62–67
Saitoh S, Shimomura Y, Suzuki M (1993) Effect of a high-carbohydrate diet intake on muscle glycogen repletion after exercise in rats previously fed a high-fat diet. Eur J Appl Physiol 66:127–133
Shepley B, MacDougall JD, Cipriano N, Sutton JR, Tarnopolsky MA, Coates G (1992) Physiological effects of tapering in highly trained athletes. J Appl Physiol 72:706–711
Shimomura Y, Suzuki T, Saitoh S, Tasaki Y, Harris RA, Suzuki M (1990) Activation of branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex by exercise: effect of high-fat diet intake. J Appl Physiol 68:161–165
Simi B, Sempore B, Mayyet M-H, Favier RJ (1991) Additive effects of training and high-fat diet on energy metabolism during exercise. J Appl Physiol 71:197–203
Suzuki M, Saitoh S, Yashiro M, Hariu J (1984) Dietary effects on liver and muscle glycogen repletion in exhaustively exercised rats: energy composition and type of complex carbohydrates. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 30:453–466
Terjung RL, Baldwin KM, Winder WW, Holloszy JO (1974) Glycogen repletion in different types of muscle and liver after exhausting exercise. Am J Physiol 226:1387–1392
Thomas JA, Schlender KK, Larner J (1968) A rapid filter paper assay for UDP glucose-glycogen glycosyltransferase, including an improved biosynthesis of UDP-14C-glucose. Anal Biochem 25:486–499
Villar-Palasi C, Larner J (1966) Feedback control of glycogen metabolism in muscle. Fed Proc 25:583
Vøllestad NK, Blom PCS, Grønnerød O (1989) Resynthesis of glycogen in different muscle fibre types after prolonged exhaustive exercise in man. Acta Physiol Scand 137:15–21
Widrick JJ, Costill DL, Fink WJ, Hickey MS, McConell GK, Tanaka H (1993) Carbohydrate feedings and exercise performance: effect of initial muscle glycogen concentration. J Appl Physiol 74:2998–3005
Winder WW, Duan C (1992) Control of fructose 2,6-diphosphate in muscle of exercising fasted rats. Am J Physiol 262:E919-E924
Zachwieja JJ, Costill DL, Pascoe DD, Robergs RA, Fink WJ (1991) Influence of muscle glycogen depletion on the rate of resynthesis. Med Sci Sports Exerc 23:44–48
Zawadzki KM, Yaspelkis III BB, Ivy JL (1992) Carbohydrate-protein complex increases the rate of muscle glycogen storage after exercise. J Appl Physiol 72:1854–1859
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Saitoh, S., Tasaki, Y., Tagami, K. et al. Muscle glycogen repletion and pre-exercise glycogen content: effect of carbohydrate loading in rats previously fed a high fat diet. Europ. J. Appl. Physiol. 68, 483–488 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00599517
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00599517