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Onkocyten und Onkocytome

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Zusammenfassung

OK sind als das Ergebnis einer dauernden Umwandlung (direkte Metaplasie, körnige Degeneration, Modifikation) von Epithelzellen verschiedener Organe (Speicheldrüse, Schilddrüse [Askanazy-Zellen — in den USA vollkommen ungerechtfertigterweise als Hürthle-Zellen bezeichnet], Epithelkörperchen [Welsh-Zellen], Nieren, Nebennieren, Adenohypophyse, Tube) aufzufassen, die als Zeichen einer Erschöpfung auftreten, wie etwa im Alter oder nach funktioneller Überbeanspruchung (Schilddrüse). Diese Umwandlung kann auch wie eine besondere Differenzierung in Zellen gut- und bösartiger Tumoren dieser Organe auftreten.

Da bei der onkocytären Umwandlung die Vermehrungsfähigkeit der betreffenden Zellen erhalten bleibt, können OK allein auch hyperplastische Wucherungen (Speicheldrüsen) und ganze Tumoren aufbauen. Nur für solche Tumoren wäre der Ausdruck Onkocytom als Sammelname gerechtfertigt.

Zu den benignen Onkocytomen gehören: die oxyphil gekörnt-zelligen Adenome der Speicheldrüsen, das oxyphile Adenom der Epithelkörperchen, das großzellige Adenom der Schilddrüse (fälschlich als Hürthle-Zell-Tumor bezeichnet), manche Nierenadenome. Zu den malignen Onkocytomen sind seltene Fälle von Carcinomen der Speicheldrüsen und Schleimdrüsen zu rechnen sowie das groß-zellige Carcinom der Schilddrüse (fälschlich als Hürthle-Zell-Carcinom bezeichnet) und vielleicht manche Nebennieren- und Nierencarcinome.

Summary

Oncocytes are to be considered as the consequence of a persistent transformation (direct metaplasia, granular degeneration, modification) of epithelial cells of different organs [salivary glands, thyroid (Askanazy cells, improperly referred to as Hürthle cells in the USA), parathyroid glands (Welsh cells), kidney, adrenal glands, pituitary, and Fallopian tube]. They indicate exhaustion occurring with age or after excessive functional stress. This transformation may also appear as a special differentiation of cells in benign or malignant tumors of the organs named.

Since, with the oncocytic transformation the capacity of the involved cells to multiply is preserved, oncocytes themselves may form hyperplastic growths (salivary glands) or indeed whole tumors. It is only for such tumors that the collective name oncocytoma is appropriate.

The following are to be grouped under the benign oncocytomas: the oxyphilic granular cell adenoma of the salivary gland, the oxyphilic adenoma of the parathyroid gland, the large cell adenoma of the thyroid (improperly called Hürthle cell tumor), and some renal adenomas. To the malignant oncocytomas belong the rare cases of carcinoma of the salivary glands and mucus glands as well as the large cell carcinoma of the thyroid.

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  1. Pathologischen Institut der Universität Bonn, Deutschland

    H. Hamperl

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Die vorliegende Arbeit wurde im Jahre 1955 im Armed Forces Institute of Pathology begonnen, dem ich für alle Hilfe und Unterstützung dankbar verbunden bleibe.

Für die Überlassung von Schnitten und verschiedenen Hinweisen haben ich zu danken Herrn Dr.Franks (London), Prof.Linzbach (Marburg a.d. Lahn), Dr.Lonser (Los Angeles), Prof. E.Saxén (Helsinki).

Mit Unterstützung des Herrn Kultusministers von Nordrhein-Westfalen.

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Hamperl, H. Onkocyten und Onkocytome. Virchows Arch. path Anat. 335, 452–483 (1962). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00957034

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