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A part of the Ubendian Orogenic Belt in northern Malawi and Zambia

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Zusammenfassung

Das Ubende-Orogen erstreckt sich quer zum Streichen vom südlichen Tanzania bis in den nördlichen Teil von Malawi hinein, wo es durch die Misuku-Zone vertreten wird. Diese Misuku-Zone wurde im Gebiet der Mafingi-Berge und des Nyika-Plateaus näher untersucht. In jedem dieser Gebiete konnten drei verschiedene Gesteins-Einheiten ausgehalten werden: 1. Misuku-Gneise der Epidot-Amphibolit-bis Amphibolit-Fazies, 2. Jembia-Granulite aus dem Übergangsbereich von Cordierit-Granulit-, Granulit- und Amphibolit-Fazies, 3. Nthonga- und Nyika-Granite der Mafingi-Berge und des Nyika-Plateaus. Die Misuku-Gneise und Jembia-Granulite sind dabei als gleichaltrig anzusehen: sie unterscheiden sich nur in ihrem Metamorphosegrad. Radiometrische Altersbestimmungen der Gesteine der Misuku-Zone erbrachten keine eindeutigen Datierungen, da sowohl die Granite als auch die Metamorphite später nochmals durch jüngere orogenetische und vermutlich auch thermale Prozesse überprägt wurden.

Abstract

The Ubendian Orogenic Belt of southern Tanzania continues across the strike into northern Malawi where it is represented by the Misuku Belt. The Misuku Belt has been examined in two areas on the international boundary between northern Malawi and Zambia; the Mafingi Hills area and the western escarpment of the Nyika Plateau. In each area the Misuku Belt has been divided into three distinctive rock units: 1. the Misuku Gneisses which were metamorphosed in the epidote amphibolite to amphibolite facies, 2. the Jembia River Granulites, metamorphosed under conditions near to the triple point between the cordierite-granulite, granulite and amphibolite facies and 3. the post-tectonic Nthonga and Nyika Granites of the Mafingi Hills and Nyika Plateau respectively. Evidence is provided to show that the two metamorphic units are stratigraphic equivalents which were deformed and metamorphosed in different environments and subsequently placed in juxtaposition. The results of radiometric age determination made on the Misuku Belt provide no evidence of the true age of the granites nor of the time of metamorphism. The apparent ages are considered the result of overprinting during a later tectono-thermal event.

Résumé

La zone orogénique de l'Ubendien du sud de la Tanzanie se continue perpendiculairement à la direction des couches dans le nord du Malawi où elle est représentée par la zone du Misuku. Cette dernière a été étudiée en deux endroits à la frontière du Malawi et de la Zambie: dans les collines du Mafingi et au rebord occidental du plateau de Nyika. Dans ces deux sites on peut distinguer dans la zone du Misuku trois sortes de roches: 1. les gneiss du Misuku qui ont été metamorphisés en faciès epidote-amphibolitique et amphibolitique, 2. les granulites de la Jembia River, metarmorphisées sous des conditions proches du point de convergence des faciès cordierite-granulitique, granulitique et amphibolitique, 3. les granites posttectoniques de Nthonga des collines du Mafingi et ceux de Nyika du plateau du même nom. Les deux unités metamorphiques ont le même âge, elles ne se distinguent que par le degré de leur métamorphisme. Les résultats des méthodes de datation radiométriques appliquées à la zone du Misuku ne nous donnent aucune indication sur l'âge réel des granités ni sur l'époque du métamorphisme. On peut considérer les âges apparents comme le résultat de la superposition d'une activité tectonique et thermique postérieure.

Краткое содержание

Ороген Убенде прости рается поперек от южн ой Танзании до северной части Малави, где обра зует зону Мизуку. Посл еднюю подробно исследовал и в районе горы Мафинги и плато Ныика. В каждой из этих областей

можно установить три различные группы пор од:

  1. 1.

    гнейсы Мизуку в эпидо т-амфиболитовой и амфиболитовой фации;

  2. 2.

    гранулиты Jembia из перехо дной зоны кордиерит-гранулито вой, гранулитовой и амфиб олитовой фации;

  3. 3.

    граниты Nthonga и Nyika гор Мафин ги и плато Ныика.

Гнейсы Мизуку и грану литы Jembia можно рассматр ивать, как породы одного и того же возра ста, отличающиеся тол ько по их степени метаморфизм а. Радиометрические оп ределения возраста п ород из зоны Мизуку не дало ясных результ атов, т. к. и граниты и ме таморфные породы были преобразованы более поздним горообразов ательным и, возможно, термически м процессами.

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Fitches, W.R. A part of the Ubendian Orogenic Belt in northern Malawi and Zambia. Geol Rundsch 59, 444–458 (1970). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01823805

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