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CSF shunt infections in children

ZNS-Shuntinfektionen bei Kindern

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Summary

The incidence of shunt infections and possible risk factors was investigated by chart analysis. From 1986 to 1989 350 shunt procedures were performed including 273 ventriculoperitoneal shunts and 75 ventriculoatrial shunts. Twenty-eight infectious episodes (8%) occurred in 25 patients during a median follow-up time of 20 months. For 204 patients the follow-up time could be prolonged until September 1992. In these patients no infectious episodes occurred in the extended observation period. In 24 cases (85.7%) a causative organism could be isolated. The infecting organisms were gram-positive cocci in 22 cases (78.6%) and gram-negative bacilli in two cases. The main signs and symptoms were fever, shunt malfunction and meningeal irritation, and with VP-shunts only, abdominal pain. Twenty-four infectious episodes were treated with antibiotics and immediate removal of the shunt. The remaining were managed with antibiotics only. The risk for shunt infection did not correlate with age or sex of patients, nor with the etiology of hydrocephalus, type of shunt implanted or perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis. However, a trend showing a higher risk for shunt infections with prolonged operation time was noticed. The infection rate was 13.6% for an operation lasting more than 90 minutes versus 5.2% for procedures of less than 30 minutes' duration.

Zusammenfassung

Die Inzidenz von ZNS-Shuntinfektionen und damit verbundenen Risikofaktoren wurde durch Auswertung von Krankenakten untersucht. Zwischen 1986 und 1989 wurden 350 Shunt-Operationen durchgeführt, wobei 273 Shunts ventrikuloperitoneal und 75 ventrikuloatrial plaziert wurden. Bei 25 Patienten kam es während eines mittleren Beobachtungszeitraumes von 20 Monaten zu 28 Shuntinfektionen (8 %). Für 204 Patienten konnte die Nachbeobachtungszeit bis September 1992 ausgedehnt werden, weitere Infektionsfälle wurden in dieser Gruppe nicht beobachtet. In 24 Fällen (85,7 %) konnte ein ursächlicher Erreger isoliert werden. Bei den Erregern handelte es sich um grampositive Kokken in 22 Fällen (78,6 %) und um gramnegative Stäbchen in zwei Fällen. Hauptsymptome und -Befunde waren Fieber, Shuntdysfunktion und meningeale Reizerscheinungen sowie Bauchschmerzen (letztere ausschließlich bei VP-Shunts). Bei 24 Infektionsfällen wurde der Shunt sofort entfernt und eine antibiotische Therapie begonnen, in den übrigen Fällen erfolgte ausschließlich eine antibiotische Therapie. Ursache des Hydrozephalus, Shuntlage, perioperative Antibiotikagabe, Alter und Geschlecht eines Patienten waren nicht mit einem erhöhten Infektionsrisiko assiziiert, jedoch ergab sich ein Trend, der ein erhöhtes Infektionsrisiko mit der Operationsdauer zeigte. Die Infektionsrate lag bei 13,6% für eine Operationsdauer von >90 Minuten, während sie bei 5,2 % für Eingriffe mit einer Dauer von <30 Minuten lag.

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Kontny, U., Höfling, B., Gutjahr, P. et al. CSF shunt infections in children. Infection 21, 89–92 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01710738

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