Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Synthesis of glycosaminoglycans and other macromolecules by embryo calf epiphyseal cells in culture

  • Original Papers
  • Published:
Calcified Tissue Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Monolayer cell cultures from the distal femoral epiphyses of embryo calves were studied following the first subculture, which was carried out after confluence in primary culture. Light microscopic examination revealed scattered deposits of metachromatic-staining material; on electron microscopy fine fibrils considered to be developmental collagen were seen. After several days in culture lacuna-like patterns of cells were seen. The nature of the cell secretions were studied by radioactive precursors, which were fractionated on Sephadex G200 and by ion exchange chromatography. Enzyme digestion with bacterial and testicular hyaluronidase and chondroitinase-AC and-ABC revealed that the cells synthesized 70% sulphated, and 30% non-sulphated glycosaminoglycans. Of the sulphated glycosaminoglycans 70% was chondroitin-4-sulphate, 20% chondroitin-6-sulphate, and the remainder probably keratansulphate. Studies were labelled amino acid precursors suggested that the cells synthesized a high-molecular weight protein containing hydroxyproline, as well as some non-collagenous protein, shown by tryptophan incorporation

Résumé

Des cultures de monocouches cellulaires d'épiphyses fémorales distales d'embryons de veaux sont étudiées immédiatement après la première sub-culture, réalisée après culture primaire. L'examen au microscope optique classique montre des dépôts disséminés de matériel métachromatique: en microscopie électronique, de fines fibrilles, considérées comme des fibres de collagène, en voie de développement, ont été observées. La nature des sécrétions cellulaires a été étudiée à l'aide de précurseurs radioactifs, fractionnés sur Sephadex G200, ainsi qu'à l'aide de chromatographie par échange d'ions. La digestion enzymatique par hyaluronidase et chondroitinase AC et ABC, bactérienne et testiculaire, démontre que les cellules synthétisent 70% de glycosaminoglycanes sulfatés et 30% de glycosaminoglycanes non sulfatés. Parmi les glycosaminoglycanes, 70% sont constitués par du chondroitine-4-sulfate, 20% par du chondroitine-6-sulfate et le reste probablement par du keratane-sulfate. Les études avec des acides aminés marqués indiquent que les cellules synthétisent une protéine de poids moléculaire élevé, contenant de l'hydroxyleproline, ainsi qu'une protéine non-collagénique, mise en évidence par incorporation de tryptophane.

Zusammenfassung

Einschichtige Zellkulturen von der distalen Femurepiphyse von Kalbsembryonen wurden nach der ersten Subkultur untersucht, welche nach der Verschmelzung der primären Kulturen angesetzt wurde. Die lichtmikroskopische Untersuchung zeigte verstreute Ablagerungen von metachromatisch gefärbtem Material; bei der Elektronenmikroskopie wurden feine Fibrillen festgestellt, welche als Collagenvorstufe angesehen wurden. Nach einer Kultur von mehreren Tagen zeigte sich eine lacunäre Anordnung der Zellen. Die Beschaffenheit der Zellsekretionen wurde mittels radioaktiv markierten Verbindungen untersucht, welche auf Sephadex G200 und durch Ionenaustausch-Chromatographie fraktioniert wurden. Die enzymatische Verdauung mit bakterieller und testikulärer Hyaluronidase und Chondroitinase-AC und-ABC zeigte, daß die Zellen 70% sulfatierte und 30% nichtsulfatierte Glycosaminoglycane synthetisierten. Die sulfatierten Glycosaminoglycane enthielten 70% Chondroitin-4-Sulfat, 20% Chondroitin-6-Sulfat, und der Rest war wahrscheinlich Keratansulfat. Untersuchungen mit markierten Aminosäuren-Vorläufern deuteten darauf hin, daß die Zellen ein Hydroxyprolinhaltiges, hochmolekuläres Protein synthetisierten und dazu etwas Eiweiß, bei dem es sich auf Grund des Tryptophaneinbaues nicht um Collagen handeln kann.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Baxter, E., Fraser, J. R. E., Harris, G. S.: Fractionation and recovery of secretions of synovial cells synthesized in culture with radioactive precursors. Ann. rheum. Dis. (in Press).

  • Bryan, J.: Studies on clonal cartilage strains. II. Selective effects of different growth conditions. Exp. Cell Res.52, 327–337 (1968).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Castor, C. W., Muirden, K. D.: Collagen formation in monolayer cultures of human fibroblasts. Lab. Invest.13, 560–574 (1964).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Collins, D. H., Ghadially, F. N., Meachim, G.: Intracellular lipids of cartilage. Ann. rheum. Dis.24, 123–135 (1965).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Coon, H. G.: Clonal stability and phenotypic expression of chick cartilage cellsin vitro. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.)55, 66–73 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  • Davies, D. V., Barnett, C. H., Cochrane, W., Palfrey, A. J.: Electron microscopy of articular cartilage in the young rabbit. Ann. rheum. Dis.21, 11–22 (1962).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dziewiatkowski, D. D., Bronner, F., DiFerranti N., Archibald, R. M.: Some aspects of the metabolism of sulfate-S35 and calcium-45 in the metaphyses of immature rats: unfluence of β-estraduil benzoate. J. biophys. Aytol.3, 151–160 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  • Greulich, R. C.: An autoradiographic study of organically bound carbon-14 in growing epiphyseal cartilage and bone. J. Bone Jt Surg. A38 611–626 (1956).

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris, G. S., Fraser, J. R. E.: Extraction and measurement of glycosaminoglycans in serum and cell culture medium: a system with the use of an aliphatic quaternary ammonium salt. J. Lab. clin. Med.74, 527–535 (1969).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hoffman, P., Linker, A., Meyer, K.: The acid mucopolysaccharides of connective tissues. II. Further experiments on chondroitin sulfate B. Arch. Biochem. Biophys.69, 435–440 (1957).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Holtzer, H., Abbott, J., Lash, J., Holtzer, S.: The loss of phenotypic traits by differentiated cellsin vitro. I. Dedifferentiation of cartilage cells. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.)46, 1533–1542 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  • Juva, K., Prockop, D. J.: Modified procedure for the assay of H-3 or C-14-labelled hydroxyproline. Analyt. Biochem.15, 77–83 (1966).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lacroix, P.: Bone and cartilage. In: The cell, vol. V., eds. J. Brachet and A. E. Mirsky, p. 219–266. New York-London: Academic Press 1961.

    Google Scholar 

  • Linker, A., Meyer, K., Hoffman, P.: The production of unsaturated uronides by bacterial hyaluronidases. J. biol. Chem.219, 13–25 (1956).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Martin, T. J., Harris, G. S., Melick, R. A.: Glycosaminoglycan secretion by fetal cartilage cellsin vitro. Effect of parathyroid hormone. Israel J. med. Sci.7, 356–357 (1971).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Martin, T. J., Harris, G. S., Melick, R. A., Fraser, J. R. E.: Effect of calcitonin on glycosaminoglycan synthesis by embryo calf bone cellsin vitro. Experientia (Basel)25, 375–376 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mathews, M. B.: The interaction of collagen and acid mucopolysaccharides. A model for connective tissue. Biochem. J.96, 710–716 (1965).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Meachim, G., Roy, S.: Intracytoplasmic filaments in the cells of adult human articular cartilage. Ann. rheum. Dis.26, 50–58 (1967).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, K., Davidson, E., Linker, A., Hoffman, P.: The acid mucopolysaccharides of connective tissue. Biochim. biophys. Acta (Amst.)21, 506–518 (1956).

    Google Scholar 

  • Nameroff, M., Holtzer, H.: The loss of phenotypic traits by differentiated cells. IV. Changes in polysaccharides produced by dividing chondrocytes. Develop. Biol.16, 250–281 (1967).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Palfrey, A. J., Davies, D. V.: The fine structure of chondrocytes. J. Anat. (Lond.)100, 213–226 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, H. C., Dorfman, A.: The sulfation of chondroitin sulfate in embryonic chick cartilage epiphyses. J. biol. Chem.244, 348–352 (1969).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Roy, S., Meachim, G.: Chondrocyte ultrastructure in adult human articular cartilage. Ann. rheum. Dis.27, 544–558 (1968).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Saito, H., Yamagata, T., Suzuki, S.: Enzymatic methods for the determination of small quantities of isomeric chondroitin sulfates. J. biol. Chem.243, 1536–1542 (1968).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shulman, H. J., Meyer, K.: Cellular differentiation and the aging process in cartilaginous tissues. Mucopolysaccharide synthesis in cell culture of chondrocytes. J. exp. Med.128, 1353–1362 (1968).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Silberberg, R.: Ultrastructure of articular cartilage in health and disease. Clin. Orthop.57, 233–257 (1968).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weissman, B., Meyer, K., Sampson, P., Linker, A.: Isolation of oligosaccharides enzymatically produced from hyaluronic acid. J. biol. Chem.208, 417–429 (1954).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weissman, G., Pras, M., Rosenberg, L.: Arthritis induced by Filipin in rabbits. Arthr. and Rheum.10, 325–336 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

This work was reported in part at the Second Australian Symposium on Calcium and Calcified Tissue Metabolism, in Melbourne, Australia, August 14th–15th, see Calc. Tiss. Res.4, 274–290 (1969).

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Harris, G.S., Martin, T.J. & Muirden, K.D. Synthesis of glycosaminoglycans and other macromolecules by embryo calf epiphyseal cells in culture. Calc. Tis Res. 12, 16–29 (1973). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02013718

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02013718

Key words

Navigation