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The phospholipids of mineralized tissues

I. Mammalian compact bone

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Abstract

The neutral phospholipids sphingomyelin, lecithin and phosphatidylethanolamine were the principal phosphatides of compact bovine bone. Together, these lipids accounted for over 90% of the phospholipids removed from bone, prior to demineralization, and for over 60% of the total phosphatides extracted from this tissue. Following demineralization, neutral lipid solvents removed a further quantity of neutral, and a considerable number of acidic, phospholipids from the bone matrix. A final treatment of the bone matrix with an acidified solvent mixture removed a small number of acidic, as well as neutral, phosphatides from the tissue. To account for the necessity of the demineralization step in the lipid extraction procedure, it was suggested that lipids of the post-demineralized extract were bound to the mineral phase of bone. To exclude the possibility that this extract was merely due to the apatite crystallites acting as a solvent diffusion barrier, the effect of the lipid extraction of bone of different particle size was examined. However, it was found that the composition of the lipid extracts was not related to the particle area; hence, it was inferred that the bone mineral was not obstructing the passage of the lipid extractants in the tissue.

Résumé

Les phospholipides neutres, tels que la sphingomyéline, la lécithine et la phosphatidyléthanolamine, sont les phosphatides principaux de l'os compact bovin. Ces lipides constituent plus de 90% des phospholipides de l'os, avant déminéralisation, et plus de 60% des phosphatides totaux extraits de ce tissu. Après déminéralisation, les solvants lipidiques neutres extraient des phospholipides neutres et acides de la matrice osseuse. Le traitement final de la matrice osseuse avec un mélange de solvants acides permet de récupérer une faible quantité de phosphatides acides et neutres. Pour expliquer la nécessité d'une déminéralisation au cours de l'extraction lipidique, il est possible que les lipides de l'extrait, obtenu après déminéralisation. soient liés à la phase minérale de l'os. Afin d'exclure la possiblité que cette extraction soit dûe simplement aux cristaux d'apatite, pouvant agir comme obstacle à la diffusion du solvant, l'effet de l'extraction lipidique sur des fractions de particules osseuses de diverses tailles a été étudié. La composition des extraits lipidiques n'est pas liée à la taille des particules: le minéral osseux ne parait done pas constituer un obstacle au passage des solvants lipidiques.

Zusammenfassung

Die neutralen Phospholipide Sphingomyelin, Lecithin und Phosphatidyläthanolamin sind die wichtigsten Phosphatide des kompakten Rinderknochens. Zusammengenommen machen diese Lipide über 90% der Phospholipide, welche vor der Demineralisation dem Knochen entzogen worden sind und über 60% der aus diesem Gewebe extrahierten totalen Phosphatide aus. Nach der Demineralisation konnten mit neutralen Lösungsmitteln für Lipide ein weiterer Anteil an neutralen und eine beträchtliche Menge an sauren Phospholipiden aus der Knochenmatrix extrahiert werden. Am Schluß wurde die Knochenmatrix mit einem angesäuerten Lösungsmittelgemisch behandelt, und es konnte eine kleine Menge saurer sowie neutraler Phosphatide aus dem Gewebe extrahiert werden. In Anbetracht der notwendigen Demineralisierung bei der Lipidextraktion wurde vorgeschlagen, daß die Lipide aus dem nach Demineralisation gewonnenen Extrakt an die Mineralphase des Knochens gebunden sind. Um die Möglichkeit auszuschließen, daß dieser Extrakt lediglich durch die Apatit-Kristalle bedingt ist, die die Diffusion des Lösungsmittels verhindern, wurde die Wirkung der Lipidextraktion auf Knochenpulver verschiedener Partikelgrößen geprüft. Jedoch besteht keine Beziehung zwischen der Zusammensetzung des Lipidextraktes und der Größe der Partikel. Daraus folgt, daß das Knochenmineral den Durchgang der Lipidextraktionsmittel in das Gewebe nicht verhindert.

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Shapiro, I.M. The phospholipids of mineralized tissues. Calc. Tis Res. 5, 21–29 (1970). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02017530

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