Summary
A clear field of vision during laparoscopic cholecystectomy was attained by using a newly designed retractor which elevates the abdominal wall and does not require high-pressure CO2 infusion into the peritoneal cavity. As the abdominal cavity is continuously ventilated, smoke from the cauterization is suctioned off through openings in the middle part of the retractor. There is no interference with placement of ports.
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Kitano, S., Tomikawa, M., Iso, Y. et al. A safe and simple method to maintain a clear field of vision during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Endosc 6, 197–198 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02210882
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02210882