Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

A review of direct liquid introduction interfacing for LC/MS Part I: Instrumental aspects

  • Review Paper
  • Published:
Chromatographia Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

Considerable progress has been made in the coupling of liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry over the past ten years. Three interfaces tend to dominate the LC/MS market: transport systems, direct liquid introduction, and the thermospray interface. In this paper the developments in direct liquid introduction interfacing for LC/MS will be reviewed. The paper will be published in two parts. Mass spectrometry and applications will be discussed in the second part. This first part of the review concentrates on the various instrumental aspects of direct liquid introduction, such as the design of vacuum systems, the interface probes and the desolvation chambers.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. C. G. Edmonds, J. A. McCloskey, V. A. Edmonds, Biomed. Mass Spectrom.10, 237 (1983).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. D. E. Games Adv. Chromatogr.21, 1 (1983).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. P. J. Arpino, J. Chromatogr.323, 3 (1985).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. N. J. Alcock, C. Eckers, D. E. Games, M. P. L. Games, M. S. Lant, M. A. McDowall, M. Rossiter, R. W. Smith, S. A. Westwood, H.-Y. Wong, J. Chromatogr.251, 165 (1982).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. V. L. Tal'roze, V. E. Skurat, G. V. Karpov, Russ. J. Phys. Chem.43, 241 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  6. V. L. Tal'roze, V. E. Skurat, I. G. Gorodetskii, N. B. Zolotai, Russ. J. Phys. Chem.46, 456 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  7. M. A. Baldwin, F. W. McLafferty, Org. Mass Spectrom.7, 1111 (1973).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. A. P. Bruins, B. F. H. Drenth J. Chromatogr.271, 71 (1983).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. P. J. Arpino, P. Krien, S. Vajta, G. Devant, J. Chromatogr.203, 117 (1981).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. P. J. Arpino, C. Beaugrand, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Proc.64, 275 (1985).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. H. Yoshida, K. Matsumoto, K. Itoh, S. Tsuge, Y. Hirata, K. Mochizuki, N. Kokubun, Y. Yoshida, Fres. Z. Anal. Chem.311, 674 (1982).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. C. R. Blakley, M. L. Vestal, Anal. Chem.55, 750 (1983).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. P. J. Arpino, G. Guiochon, P. Krien, G. Devant, J. Chromatogr.185, 529 (1979).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. C. M. Whitehouse, R. N. Dreyer, M. Yamashita, J. B. Fenn, Anal. Chem.57, 675 (1985).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. R. C. Willoughby, R. F. Browner, Anal. Chem.56, 2625 (1984).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. P. J. Arpino, M. A. Baldwin, F. W. McLafferty, Biomed. Mass Spectrom.1, 80 (1974).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. R. Tijssen, J. P. A. Bleumer, A. L. C. Smit, M. E. van Kreveld, J. Chromatogr.218, 137 (1981).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. A. Melera, Adv. Mass Spectrom.8B, 1597 (1980).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. N. R. Lindblad, J. M. Schneider, J. Sci. Instrum.42, 635 (1965).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. R. N. Berglund, B. Y. H. Liu, Environm. Sci. Technol.7, 147 (1973).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. R. C. Willoughby, in: Studies with an aerosol generating interface for LC/MS, PhD thesis, July 1983. Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.A.

    Google Scholar 

  22. R. G. Christensen, E. White V, S. Meiselman, H. S. Hertz, J. Chromatogr.271, 61 (1983).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. W. M. A. Niessen, unpublished results.

  24. H. Alborn, G. Stenhagen, J. Chromatogr.323, 47 (1985).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. J. D. Henion, T. Wachs, Anal. Chem.53, 1963 (1981).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. C. Eckers, D. S. Skrabalak, J. D. Henion, Clin. Chem.28, 1882 (1982).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. P. Krien, G. Devant, M. Hardy, J. Chromatogr.251, 129 (1982).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. W. M. A. Niessen, H. Poppe, J. Chromatogr.323, 37 (1985).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. R. D. Smith, J. C. Fjeldsted, M. L. Lee, J. Chromatogr.247, 231 (1982).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. R. D. Smith, H. R. Udseth, H. T. Kalinoski, Anal. Chem.56, 2971 (1984).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. L. M. Shalaby, Biomed. Mass Spectrom.12 261 (1985).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. B. Mauchamp, P. Krien, J. Chromatogr.236, 17 (1982).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. M. S. Lant, L. E. Martin, J. Oxford, paper presented at the 3rd Symp. on LC/MS and MS/MS, October 24–26, 1984, Montreux, Switzerland.

  34. C. N. Kenyon, A. Melera, F. Erni, J. Anal. Toxicol.5, 216 (1981).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. M. Dedieu, C. Juin, P. J. Arpino, J. P. Bounine, G. Guiochon, J. Chromatogr.251, 203 (1982).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. F. Erni, J. Chromatogr.251, 141 (1982).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. C. N. Kenyon, A. Melera, F. Erni, J. Chromatogr. Sci.18, 103 (1980).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. J. Tielrooy, University of Amsterdam, private communication, 1984.

  39. M. Dedieu, C. Juin, P. J. Arpino, G. Guiochon, Anal. Chem.54, 2372 (1982).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. E. L. Esmans, P. Geboes, Y. Luyten, F. C. Alderweireldt, Biomed. Mass Spectrom.12, 241 (1985).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. P. J. Arpino, J.P. Bounine, M. Dedieu, G. Guiochon, J. Chromatogr.271, 43 (1983).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. B. A. Thomson, J. V. Iribarne, P. J. Dziedzic, Anal. Chem.54, 2219 (1982).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. F. R. Sugnaux, D. S. Skrabalak J. D. Henion, J. Chromatogr.264, 357 (1983).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. R. D. Voyksner, J. T. Bursey, Anal. Chem.56, 1582 (1984).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. R. D. Voyksner, C. E. Parker, J. R. Hass, M. M. Bursey, Anal. Chem.54, 2583 (1982).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. P. Kucera (ed.), Microcolumn High Performance Liquid Chromatography, J. Chromatogr. Libr., vol. 28, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, 1984, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

    Google Scholar 

  47. B. L. Karger, P. Vouros, J. Chromatogr.323, 13 (1985).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. J. D. Henion, G. A. Maylin, Biomed. Mass Spectrom.7, 115 (1980).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. J. D. Henion, Anal. Chem.50, 1687 (1978).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. C. E. Parker, K. Yamaguchi, D. J. Harvan, R. W. Smith, J. R. Hass, J. Chromatogr.319, 273 (1985).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. J. J. Myher, A. Kuksis, L. Marai, F. Manganaro, J. Chromatogr.283, 289 (1984).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. F. R. Sugnaux, C. Djerassi, J. Chromatogr.251, 189 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  53. M. S. Lant, L. E. Martin, J. Oxford, J. Chromatogr.323, 143 (1985).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. J. D. Henion, J. Chromatogr. Sci.18, 101 (1980).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. C. N. Kenyon, Biomed. Mass Spectrom.10, 535 (1983).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. H. Milon, H. Bur, J. Chromatogr.271, 83 (1983).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. J. B. Crowther, T. R. Covey, E. A. Dewey, J. D. Henion, Anal. Chem.56, 2921, (1984).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. R. G. Christensen, E. White V, J. Chromatogr.323, 33 (1985).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. W. M. A. Niessen, H. P. M. van Vliet H. Poppe, Chromatographia20, 357 (1985).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. G. Guiochon, P. J. Arpino, J. Chromatogr.271, 13 (1983).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018 WV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    W. M. A. Niessen

Authors
  1. W. M. A. Niessen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Niessen, W.M.A. A review of direct liquid introduction interfacing for LC/MS Part I: Instrumental aspects. Chromatographia 21, 277–287 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02311882

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02311882

Key Words

Search

Navigation