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Schutzimpfungen: Stand 1982

Vaccinations: Mise à jour 1982

Immunisations: Update 1982

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Sozial- und Präventivmedizin

Zusammenfassung

In dieser übersicht werden sowohl die Indikationsstellungen der im Schweizerischen «Impfplan 1981» berücksichtigten Routine-Impfungen (Diphtherie, Tetanus, Pertussis, Poliomyelitis, Masern, Mumps, Röteln, BCG), wie auch spezieller Schutzimpfungen (Hepatitis B, Influenza, Pneumokokken, Tollwut, Zeckenencephalitis) und der Schutzimpfungen für Auslandreisen (Cholera, Gelbfieber, Meningokokken, Typhus abdominalis) diskutiert.

Die Masern-, Mumps- und Röteln-Impfung sollte Mädchen und Buben mit 18 (bis 24) Monaten als kombinierte Impfung gegeben werden. Bei der gegenwärtigen niedrigen Tuberkulosedurchseuchung lässt sich eine generelle BCG-Impfung höchstens noch bei Schulaustritt vertreten. Die Indikationen für die Influenza- und Pneumokokken-Impfung sind nach wie vor eng zu stellen, der Wert einer generellen Durchimpfung aller über 65jährigen Personen ist für beide Impfungen nicht erwiesen. Gegen Hepatitis B wurde dieses Frühjahr mit dem neu eingeführten Impfstoff eine nationale Impfkampagne aller Risikogruppen gestartet. Für die Tollwut-Impfung sollten nur noch HDC-Impfstoffe verwendet werden. Der in der Schweiz neu eingeführte, hochwirksame orale Typhus-Lebendimpfstoff sollte den parenteralen Typhus-Impfstoff verdrängen.

Résumé

Cette mise à jour passe en revue les indications des vaccinations de routine (diphthérie, tétanos, coqueluche, poliomyélite, rougeole, oreillons, rubéole, BCG) recommandées dans le calendrier suisse des vaccinations 1981. Elle traite aussi des vaccinations spéciales (hépatite B, influenza, pneumococcies, rage, encéphalites à tiques) et des vaccinations recommandées lors de voyages à l'étranger (choléra, fièvre jaune, méningococcies, fièvre typhoÏde).

Le vaccin combiné contre la rougeole, les oreillons et la rubéole devrait Être administré aux fillettes et garÇons à l'âge de 18 à 24 mois. Au vu du faible risque de tuberculose, la vaccination généralisée par le BCG peut tout au plus Être recommandée à la fin de la scolarité. Les indications des vaccins contre l'influenza et les pneumocoques sont plus limitées, car la valeur d'une vaccination généralisée pour les personnes âgées de 65 ans et plus n'a pas été démontrée pour l'un ou l'autre de ces vaccins. Une campagne nationale de vaccination contre l'hépatite B pour les groupes à risque élevé a débuté ce printemps avec le nouveau vaccin. Seuls les vaccins produits en cultures de tissus humains (HDC) devraient Être utilisés dans la vaccination antirabique. Le nouveau vaccin oral atténué contre la fièvre typhoÏde, récemment introduit en Suisse et très efficace, devrait remplacer les vaccins injectables.

Summary

This review discusses the indications for the routine immunisations covered by the Swiss «Immunisation Schedule 1981» (diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, poliomyelitis, measles, mumps, rubella, BCG), as well as the indications for special immunisations (hepatitis B, influenza, pneumococci, rabies, tickencephalitis) and for the immunisations for travellers (cholera, yellow fever, meningococci, typhoid fever).

Vaccination against measles, mumps and rubella should be given to girls and boys at the age of 18 (to 24) months as a combined injection. In view of the low prevalence of tuberculosis BCG vaccination is justifiable only at school leaving age, if at all. The indications for influenza and pneumococcal vaccines are still limited, the value of a general vaccination of all over 65 year old individuals is not proven for either vaccine. A nationwide vaccination campaign against hepatitis B was started early this year with a newly licenced vaccine for all population groups at risk. Only HDC-vaccines should be used for immunisation against rabies. The newly licenced, highly protective oral attenuated live typhoid vaccine will propably replace the parenteral typhoid vaccine.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Communicable and Tropical Diseases, East Birmingham Hospital, B9 5ST, Birmingham, UK

    Ch. Herzog

  2. Universitäts-Kinderspital, 4058, Basel, Schweiz

    M. Just

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  1. Ch. Herzog
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  2. M. Just
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Additional information

Nach einem Vortrag, gehalten am Fortbildungskurs der Schweizerischen Gesellschaft für Tropenmedizin und Parasitoldgie, Aarau, 28. November 1981.

Herrn Dr. med. B. Somaini, Bundesamt für Gesundheitswesen, sei herzlich für die kritische Durchsicht des Manuskripts gedankt.

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Herzog, C., Just, M. Schutzimpfungen: Stand 1982. Soz Präventivmed 27, 197–204 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02095321

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