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Koronare Herzkrankheit: Epidemiologisch-genetische Aspekte

Aspects épidémiologiques et génétiques

Coronary heart disease — epidemiologic-genetic aspects

  • Published:
Sozial- und Präventivmedizin/Social and Preventive Medicine

Resumé

Les cardiopathies coronariennes et leurs facteurs prédisposants présentent une aggrégation familiale. Dans quelle mesure cette aggrégation est-elle expliqué par les similitudes familiales à l'égard prédisposants? Les travaux publiés traitant cette question présentent six designs différents: étude prospective, personne à haut ou bas risque, personne avec et sans histoire familiale positive, étude cas-contrôle, étude de patients ayant eu une angiographie coronarienne, étude de différents groupes ethniques.

Les résultats de seize recherches examinées suggèrent qu'il existe des facteurs non encore identifiés (génétiques, environnementaux ou les deux) qui sont responsables de l'aggrégation familiale des cardiopathies coronariennes, s'ajoutant aux trois facteurs de risque principaux (lipides sériques, pression sanguine, tabagisme) et au diabète.

De façon à compléter nos connaissances dans ce domaine, les travaux futurs devront porter plus d'attention à l'étude des familles (plutôt qu'à celle des individus), et accroître la collaboration entre épidémiologues et généticiens.

Il est vraisemblable que la prédisposition individuelle aux cardiopathies coronariennes est partiellement due à un facteur génétique, celui-ci restant à découvrir. L'identification des personnes à risque dans la population pourrait être faite avec une meilleure précision qu'aujourd'hui. La “stratégie du haut risque” de la prévention des cardiopathies deviendrait plus efficace par le développement de tests prédictifs plus sensibles et plus spécifiques. Dans l'entre-temps, des programmes de prévention doivent être implantés sur la base de ce que l'on sait déjà, en utilisant à la fois une stratégie du “haut risque” et une stratégie axée sur la population.

Summary

Coronary heart disease and the risk factors which predispose to it aggregate in families. How much of this clustering of disease is “explained” by the familial resemblance in predisposing factors? The published reports which bear on this question fall into six distinct study designs: prospective studies, persons at high or low risk or persons with and without a positive family history as points of departure, case-control studies, studies of patients who had a coronary angiogram and studies in different ethnic groups. The findings of the 16 investigations reviewed suggest that there are as yet unidentified factors — genetic, environmental or both — which are responsible for familial clustering of coronary heart disease, apart from the three main risk factors (serum lipids, blood pressure, smoking) and diabetes. Future research must put greater emphasis on studies of families rather than individuals and on closer collaboration between epidemiogists and geneticists, in order to fill these gaps in knowledge. It is likely that the individual predisposition to coronary heart disease is due in part to genetic influences which remain to be discovered in the course of such studies. They would help in identifying susceptible persons in the population with greater precision than is now possible. The “high-risk strategy” of coronary heart disease prevention will become more efficient as more specific and sensitive tests of disease prediction are developed. In the meantime, preventive programmes must be put into action on the basis of what is already known, on the level of both the high-risk and the community-wide mass strategy.

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Epstein, F.H. Koronare Herzkrankheit: Epidemiologisch-genetische Aspekte. Soz Prāventivmed 30, 33–36 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02075726

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02075726

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