Skip to main content
Log in

Measurements of powder snow avalanche- nature -

  • Published:
Surveys in Geophysics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Snow cloud growth rates of powder snow avalanche were obtained with analysing the pictures recorded in Ryggfonn, Norway. Although results showed wide scattering, as far as the data obtained in runout zone are concerned, they roughly agreed with the water tank experiments by Beghin and Olagne (1991).

Air movement in snow avalanche cloud was measured with an ultra-sonic anemometer in Kurobe Canyon, Japan. It showed rising current existed near the front and downward at the trail. Comparing with drifting snow threshold and particle suspension criterion, entrainment, suspension and deposition of snow particles in the snow cloud were discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Beghin, P. and Olagne, X.: 1991, ‘Experimental and theoretical study of the dynamics of powder snow avalanches’,Cold Regions Science and Technology 19, 317–326.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hunt, J. C. R. and Nalpanis, P.: 1985, ‘Saltating and suspended particles over flat bed and sloping surfaces I. Modelling concepts’,Proc. Intl Workshop on Physics of Blown Sand 1, 9-36, Mem. 8. University of Aarhus, Denmark.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kawada, K., Nishimura, K. and Maeno, N.: 1989, ‘Experimental studies on a powder-snow avalanche’,Ann. Glaciol. 13, 129–134.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nishimura, K., Narita, H., Maeno N. and Kawada, K.: 1989, ‘The internal structure of powder-snow avalanches’,Ann. Glaciol. 13, 207–210.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mellor, M.: 1977, ‘Engineering properties of snow’,J. Glaciol. 19(81, 15–66.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nishimura, K., Maeno, N., Kawada, K. and Izumi, K.: 1993, ‘Structures of snow cloud in dry-snow avalanches’,Ann. Glaciol. 18, 173–178.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nishimura, K., Maeno, N., Sandersen, F., Kristensen, K., Norem, H. and Lied, K.: 1993, ‘Observations of the dynamic structure of snow avalanches’,Ann. Glaciol. 18, 313–316.

    Google Scholar 

  • Norem, H., Kvisteroy, T. and Evensen, B. D.: 1985, ‘Measurement of avalanche speeds and forces: instrumentation and preliminary results of the Ryggfonn project’,Ann. Glaciol. 6, 19–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Norem, H.: 1991, ‘Estimating snow avalanche impact pressure on towers’, in H. U. Gubler (ed.),Proc. of a Workshop on Avalanche Dynamics, Davos, 14–18 May 1990, Mitteilungen des Eidg. Instituts fur Schnee und Lawinenforschung Nr. 48, pp. 42–56, CH-7260 Davos-Weissfluhjoch, Switzerland, EISLF/SFISAR.

    Google Scholar 

  • Owen, P. R.: 1964, ‘Saltation of uniform grains in air’,J. Fluid Mech. 20, 225–242.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schaerer, P. A.: 1975, ‘Friction coefficients and speed of flowing avalanches’,IAHS Publ. 114, 425–432.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simpson, J. E.: 1975, ‘Gravity Currents. In the Environment and Laboratory’,Ellis Horwood Series in Environmental Science, Ellis Horwood Ltd., Market Cross House, Cooper Street, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 1EB, England.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Nishimura, K., Sandersen, F., Kristensen, K. et al. Measurements of powder snow avalanche- nature -. Surv Geophys 16, 649–660 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00665745

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00665745

Key words

Navigation