Abstract
The cost of swimming in copepods has generally been estimated through the application of fluid dynamics theory to data on velocity and acceleration obtained by means of movies. It has also been estimated through the changes in fat content of copepods after sustained swimming (i.e. vertical migration). However, the range of estimated costs of locomotion is exceedingly large (from 0.1% to 95% of total metabolism). This communication studies the pattern of swimming movements and the work done by Cyclops, using high speed cinematographic techniques. The contribution of swimming to the energy expenditure of the individual is estimated, and consideration of the possible role of rubber-like proteins in the cuticle of copepods is made.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alcaraz, M., G. A. Paffenhöfer & J. R. Strickler, 1980. Catching the algae: a first account of visual observations of filter-feeding calanoids. In W. C. Kerfoot (ed.), Evolution and ecology of zooplankton communities. The University Press of New England, Hanover (NH); Lond.: 241–248.
Andersen, S. O. & T. Weis-Fogh, 1964. Resilin. A rubberlike protein in arthropod cuticle. In J. W. L. Beament, J. E. Treherne & V. B. Wigglesworth (eds.), Advances in insect physiology 2. Academic Press, L., NY: 1–65.
Bennet-Clark, H. C. & E. C. A. Lucey, 1967. The jump of a flea: a study of the energetics and a model of the mechanism. J. exp. Biol., 47: 59–76.
Klekowski, R. Z. & E. A. Shushkina, 1966. Ernärhung, Atmung, Wachstum and Energie-Umformung in Macrocyclops albidus Jurine. Verh. int. Ver. Limnol. 16: 399–418.
Klyashtorin, L. & A. A. Yarzhombek, 1973. Energy consumption in active movements of planktonic organisms. Oceanology 13: 575–580 (in Russian).
Morris, M. J., G. Gust & J. J. Torres, 1985. Propulsion efficiency and cost of transport for copepods: a hydromechanical model of crustacean swimming. Mar. Biol. 86: 283–295.
Pavlova, E. V. & N.I. Minkina, 1983. Evaluation of basal energy metabolism in marine copepods. Dokl. Biol. Sci. 265: 406–408 (in Russian).
Petipa, T. S., 1986. On the energy balance of Calanus helgolandicus (Claus) in the Black Sea. In: Physiology of marine animals. Akad. Nauk SSSR.: 60–81. (in russian).
Shushkina, E. A., S. I. Anisimov & R. Z. Klekowski, 1968. Calculation of production efficiency in plankton copepods. Pol. Arch. Hydrobiol. 15(28): 251–261.
Strickler, J. R., 1975. Swimming of planktonic Cyclops species (Copepods, Crustacea): Pattern, movements and their control. In T. Y. T. Wu, C. J. Brokaw & C. Brennen (eds), Swimming and flying in nature, 2. Plenum Press: 599–613.
Strickler, J. R., 1977. Observation of swimming performances of planktonic copepods. Limnol. Oceanogr. 22: 165–169.
Strickler, J. R., 1982. Calanoid copepods, feeding currents, and the role of gravity. Science 218: 158–160.
Strickler, J. R., 1984. Sticky water: a selective force in copepod evolution. In D. G. Meyers & J. R. Strickler (eds), Trophic interactions within aquatic ecosystems, AAAS Selected Symposium 85, Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado: 187–239.
Vlymen, W. J., 1970. Energy expenditure by swimming copepods. Limnol. Oceanogr. 15: 348–356.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Alcaraz, M., Strickler, J.R. Locomotion in copepods: pattern of movements and energetics of Cyclops . Hydrobiologia 167, 409–414 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00026333
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00026333