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Synthesis and mechanical properties of cardanol-formaldehyde (CF) resins and CF-poly(methylmethacrylate) semi-interpenetrating polymer networks

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Abstract

Cardanol-formaldehyde (CF) resins (both novolac and resol) and CF-poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) semi-interpenetrating polymer networks were synthesized and their mechanical properties and thermal transitions were evaluated. The lower tensile strength of CF resins compared to phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resins may be understood on the basis of the structure of the C15 side chain imparting steric hindrance and reduction in intermolecular interactions. Interpenetration of CF with PMMA increased the mechanical properties only marginally. Scanning electron micrographs of the semi-IPNs showed two distinct phases. Thermomechanical analysis gave two glass transition temperatures,T g, for the IPNs, the lowerT g corresponding to the PMMA phase and the higherT g to the CF phase. However, the unusual increase inT g of the CF from 128°C to 144°C suggests restrictions in the segmental motion of the CF phase brought about by mixing with another rigid polymer such as PMMA.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Regional Research Laboratory, CSIR, 695 019, Trivandrum, India

    S. Manjula, C. Pavithran & C. K. S. Pillai

  2. Hindustan Lever Research Centre, 400 099, Andheri, Bombay, India

    V. G. Kumar

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  1. S. Manjula
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  2. C. Pavithran
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  3. C. K. S. Pillai
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  4. V. G. Kumar
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Manjula, S., Pavithran, C., Pillai, C.K.S. et al. Synthesis and mechanical properties of cardanol-formaldehyde (CF) resins and CF-poly(methylmethacrylate) semi-interpenetrating polymer networks. J Mater Sci 26, 4001–4007 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02402940

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02402940

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