Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The heat capacity of fluorinated propane and butane derivatives by differential scanning calorimetry

  • Published:
Journal of thermal analysis Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The constant pressure liquid-phase heat capacities of 21 hydrogen containing fluorinated propane and butane derivatives and one fluorinated ether (CF3OCF2H) with boiling points ranging from -34.6° to 76.7°C have been measured to 3% accuracy by differential scanning calorimetry at 40°C. The measurements are needed to help identify alternative refrigerants and blowing agents that do not deplete the stratospheric ozone layer. The DSC method has two significant advantages for this purpose, which are:

  1. (i)

    only small samples (less than 100 mg) are required, and

  2. (ii)

    the instruments are available in many laboratories and can be used for the heat capacity measurement of liquids with subambient boiling points without modification or special accessories.

Zusammenfassung

Mittels DSC bei 40°C wurden die Flüssigphasen-Wärmekapazitäten für konstanten Druck von 21 wasserstoffhaltigen fluorierten Propan- und Butanderivaten und von einem fluorierten Ether (CF3OCF2H) mit Siedenpunkten zwischen -34.6° und 76.7°C gemessen. Diese Messungen dienen der Suche nach alternativen Kühl- und Treibmitteln, welche die Ozonschicht der Stratosphäre nicht mindern. Für diese Aufgabe hat die DSC-Methode zwei eindeutige Vorteile:

  1. (i)

    es werden nur geringe Probenmengen benötigt (weniger als 100 mg) und

  2. (ii)

    die Geräte sind in vielen Laboratorien zugänglich und können ohne Ånderungen zur Messung von Wärmekapazitäten von Flüssigkeiten mit Siedepunkten unter Umgebungstemperatur verwendet werden.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP) 1987. Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, Final Act, New York, United Nations.

  2. Clean Air Act, Title VI — Stratospheric Ozone Protection, Public Law 101–549, November 15, 1990.

  3. The number code used to designate compounds was devised by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) for methane, ethane, and cyclo-alkane refrigerants [See Refrigerating Engineering, 65 (1957) 49]. The code was unofficially extended to include a wide variety of fluoroaliphatics by manufacturers of these chemicals.

  4. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Meeting, London, 1990.

  5. A. L. Beyerlein, D. D. DesMarteau and S. H. Hwang, International CFC and Halon Alternatives Conference, Sponsored by the Alliance for Responsible CFC Policy, Baltimore, MD, December 3–5, 1991.

  6. M. O. McLinden, J. S. Gallager, L. A. Weber, G. Morrison, D. Ward, A. R. H. Goodwin, M. R. Moldover, J. W. Schmidt, H. B. Chae, T. J. Bruno, J. F. Ely and M. L. Huber, ASHRAE Trans., 95 (1989) 263.

    Google Scholar 

  7. B. Wunderlich, Thermal Analysis, Academic Press, New York 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  8. W. Hemminger and G. Hohne, Calorimetry, Fundamentals and Practice, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, Federal Republic of Germany 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  9. E. A. Turi, ed., “Thermal Characterization of Polymeric Materials”, Academic Press, New York 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  10. S. C. Mraw and D. F. Naas-O'Rourke, J. Chem. Thermodynam., 12 (1980) 691.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. S. C. Mraw, J. L. Heidman, S. C. Hwang and C. Tsonopoulos, Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev., 23 (1984) 577.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. S. C. Mraw and D. F. Naas-O'Rourke, J. Chem. Thermodynamics, 13 (1981) 199.

    Google Scholar 

  13. M. Stephens and J. D. Olson, Thermochim. Acta, 76 (1984) 79.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. R. C. Reid, I. M. Prausnitz and B. E. Poling, The Properties of Gases and Liquids, 4th ed., McGraw-Hill, New York 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Thermophysical Properties of Refrigerants, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air Conditioning Engineers, Inc., New York 1976.

  16. D. W. Osborne, C. S. Garner, R. N. Doescher and D. M. Yost, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 63 (1941) 3496.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. L. Riedel, Z. Gesamte Kalte-Ind., 46 (1939) 105.

    Google Scholar 

  18. R. C. Downing, Transport Properties of ‘Freon’ Fluorocarbons and Other Fluorinated Compounds, Freon Technical Bulletin C-30A, E. I. DuPont de Nemours and Co., Inc., 1966.

  19. H. Suzuki and B. Wunderlich, J. Thermal Anal., 29 (1984) 1369.

    Google Scholar 

  20. U. Gaur, A. Mehta and B. Wunderlich, J. Thermal Anal., 13 (1978) 71.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. B. I. Lee and M. G. Kesler, AIChE J., 21 (1975) 510.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. R. E. Thek and L. I. Stiel, AIChE J., 12 (1966) 599.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. R. E. Thek and L. I. Stiel, AlChe J., 13 (1967) 626.

    Google Scholar 

  24. R. W. Hankinson and G. H. Thomson, AIChE J., 25 (1979) 653.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. L. Riedel, Chem. Ing. Tech., 26 (1954) 679.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. B. Wunderlich, J. Thermal Anal., 32 (1987) 1949.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Y. Jin and B. Wunderlich, J. Thermal Anal., 36 (1990) 765, 1519.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. H. L. Hunter Chemistry Laboratory, Clemson University, 29634-1905, Clemson, South Carolina

    Sun -Hee Hwang, D. D. DesMarteau, A. L. Beyerlein, N. D. Smith & P. Joyner

  2. Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 27711, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina

    N. D. Smith

  3. Electric Power Research Institute, 3412 Hillview Avenue, 94303, Palo Alto, California, USA

    P. Joyner

Authors
  1. Sun -Hee Hwang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. D. D. DesMarteau
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. A. L. Beyerlein
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. N. D. Smith
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. P. Joyner
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Additional information

This work was supported jointly by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Stratospheric Ozone Protection Branch at Research Triangle Park, North Carolina and the Electric Power Research Institute at Palo Alto, California.

The authors are grateful to the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency's Stratospheric Ozone Protection Branch, Research Triangle Park, NC and the Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA, for supporting this research.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Hwang, S.H., DesMarteau, D.D., Beyerlein, A.L. et al. The heat capacity of fluorinated propane and butane derivatives by differential scanning calorimetry. Journal of Thermal Analysis 38, 2515–2528 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01974629

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01974629

Keywords

Search

Navigation