Abstract
Novel applications of photorefractive effect to optical signal processing are proposed and demonstrated. The applications of two-wave mixing (2-WM) in a bulk photorefractive crystal include logic operations and cross connect. Photorefractive crystal waveguide (PCW) is another primary concern. Holographic storage of Fourier transformed image in PCW and its application to optical neural network, two-dimensional array of PCW as a storage device, phase conjugate mirror using PCW, and structural consideration of PCW for efficient 2-WM are investigated. In the experiments,LiNbO 3 andBaTiO 3 waveguides are used.BaTiO 3 waveguide will be tested here for the first time. In a long-term prospect, all these technologies will eventually find important roles in optical signal processing.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Y.S. Abu-Mostafa and D. Psaltis,Scientific American 256, p. 88, 1987.
H.H. Arsenault, T. Szoplik, and B. Macukow,Optical Processing and Computing, Academic Press: San Diego, 1989.
M. Cronin-Golomb, B. Fischer, J.O. White, and A. Yariv,IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-20, p. 12, 1984.
M.D. Ewbank,Opt. Lett. 13, p. 47, 1988.
Y. Fainman, E. Kiancnik, and S.H. Lee,Opt. Eng. 25, p. 228, 1986.
B. Fischer and M. Segev,Appl. Phys. Lett. 54, p. 684, 1989.
B. Fischer and S. Sternklar,Appl. Phys. Lett. 51, p. 74, 1987.
R.A. Fisher,Optical Phase Conjugation, Academic Press: New York, 1983.
J.W. Goodman, F.J. Leonberger, S.Y. Kung, and R.A. Athale,Proc. IEEE 72, p. 850, 1984.
P. Gunter and J.P. Huignard,Photorefractive Materials and Applications, Springer: Heidelberg, 1988.
M. Hashimoto, M. Fukui, and K. Kitayama,IEEE Photonics Tech. Lett. 2, p. 522, 1990.
R.W. Hellwarth,IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-15, p. 101, 1979.
L. Hesselink,International J. of Optoelectronics 5, p. 103, 1990.
L. Hesselink and S. Redfield,Opt. Lett. 13, p. 877, 1988.
J.J. Hopfield,Proc. Matl. Acad. Sci. USA 79, p. 2554, 1982.
K. Kitayama, H. Yoshinaga, and T. Hara, “Experiments of learning in optical perceptron-like and multilayet neural networks,”International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, Washington, D.C., June 1989.
M.B. Klein,Opt. Lett. 9, p. 350, 1984.
N.V. Kukhtarev, V.B. Markov, S.G. Odulov, M.S. Soskin, and V.L. Vinetskii,Ferroelect. 22, p. 949, 1979.
K. Kuroda, Y. Okazaki, T. Shimura, H. Okamura, M. Chihara, M. Itoh, and I. Ogura,Opt. Lett. 15, p. 1197, 1990.
Y. Owechko, G.J. Dunning, E. Marom, and B.H. Soffer,Appl. Opt. 26, p. 1900, 1987.
D. Rumelhart, J.L. McCleland, and PDP Research Group,Parallel Processing, vol. 1, MIT Press: Boston, 1986.
P.W. Smith,IEEE Circuits and Devices Magazine, May 9, 1987.
A. Yariv,Appl. Phys. Lett. 28, p. 88, 1976.
A. Yariv, J. AuYeung, D. Fekete, and D.M. Pepper,Appl. Phys. Let. 32, p. 635, 1978.
P. Yeh,Appl. Opt. 26, p. 602, 1987.
H. Yoshinaga, K. Kitayama, and H. Oguri,Appl. Phys. Lett. 56, p. 1728, 1990.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kitayama, KI., Ito, F. Optical signal processing using photorefractive effect. Multidim Syst Sign Process 2, 401–419 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01937175
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01937175