Abstract
In this paper we review low altitude observations of the high latitude convection electric field as obtained with a variety of instruments including polar orbiting spacecraft, barium, incoherent and coherent scatter radars, and ground-based magnetometers. There still appears to be some contradiction in the observations particularly with regard to plasma flow into and out of the polar cap.
Also, there does not appear to be any simple relationship between the sign of B y and the local time location of the throat region. Rather, under active conditions, it appears that the plasma entry and exit regions rotate towards earlier times and there is a significant component of dawn-dusk flow across the polar cap. Superimposed on this may be some B y-dependence of the plasma entry region.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Akasofu, S.-I., Kamide, Y., and Kisabeth, J.: 1981, J. Geophys. Res. 86, 3389.
Axford, W. I. and Hines, C. O.: 1961, Can. J. Phys. 39, 1433.
Banks, P. M. and Doupnik, J. R.: 1975, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys. 37, 951.
Bleuler, E., Li, C. H., and Nisbet, J. S.: 1982, J. Geophys. Res. 87, 757.
Cauffman, D. P. and Gurnett, D. A.: 1972, Space Sci. Rev. 13, 369.
Chiu, Y. T., Newman, A. L., and Cornwall, J. M.: 1981, J. Geophys. Res. 86, 10029.
Dungey, J. W.: 1961, Phys. Rev. Letters 6, 47.
Evans, J. V., Holt, J. M., Oliver, W. L., and Wand R. H.: 1980, J. Geophys. Res. 85, 41.
Foster, J. C, Doupnik, J. R., and Stiles, G. C.: 1981a, J. Geophys. Res. 86, 2143.
Foster, J. C., Doupnik, J. R., and Stiles, G. S.: 1981b, J. Geophys. Res. 86, 11357.
Heelis, R. A., Hanson, W. B., and Burch, J. L.: 1976, J. Geophys. Res. 81, 3803.
Heelis, R. A. and Hanson, W. B.: 1980, J. Geophys. Res. 85, 1995.
Heppner, J. P.: 1972, J. Geophys. Res. 77, 4877.
Heppner, J. P.: 1973, Radio Sci. 8, 933.
Heppner, J. P.: 1977, J. Geophys. Res. 82, 1115.
Heppner, J. P., Stolarik, J. D., and Westcott, E. M.: 1971, J. Geophys. Res. 76, 6028.
Horwitz, J. L. and Akasofu, S. I.: 1978, J. Geophys. Res. 84, 1463.
Iijima, T. and Potemra, T. A.: 1976, J. Geophys. Res. 81, 2165.
Jorgensen, T. S., Mikkelsen, I. S., Lassen, K., Haerendel, G., Rieger, E., Valenzuela, A., Mozer, F. S., Temerin, M., Holback, B., and Bjorn, L.: 1980, J. Geophys. Res. 85, 2891.
Kamide, Y. and Matsushita, S.: 1979, J. Geophys. Res. 84, 4083.
Kamide, Y., Richmond, A. D., and Matsushita, S.: 1981, J. Geophys. Res. 86, 801.
Lyons, L. R.: 1980, J. Geophys. Res. 85, 17.
Maynard, N. C.: 1974, J. Geophys. Res. 79, 4620.
Mozer, F. S. and Lucht, P.: 1974, J. Geophys. Res. 79, 1001.
Mozer, F. S. and Torbert, R. B.: 1980, Geophys. Res. Letters 7, 219.
Nielsen, E. and Greenwald, R. A.: 1979, J. Geophys. Res. 84, 5645.
Scourfield, M. W. J. and Nielsen, E.: 1981, J. Geophys. Res. 86, 681.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Greenwald, R.A. Electric fields in the ionosphere and magnetosphere. Space Sci Rev 34, 305–315 (1983). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00175285
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00175285