Abstract
Auroral images acquired by satellite instrumentation have proven to be a crucial component of the scientific equiry into the physical processes of the Earth's magnetosphere. TheFreja mission provided an opportunity to extend these measurements into the temporal and spatial regime commonly associated with ground-based optical imagers. Employing the basic procedure used successfully in theViking program allowed image repetition rates of 6 s to be achieved with simultaneous exposure of all pixels within the field-of-view. Typical exposure times of 0.3 s required development of an improved image intensifier system and operational requirements resulted in image formats covering approximately one-third of a spin. Simultaneously exposing two broad-band UV cameras, the instrument generates in its normal operational mode 264.6 kbytes per image pair. Results from initial operations confirm the design approach and suggest such imagers can be routinely included on challenging low cost missions such asFreja.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adema, J., King, R. A., and Wlochowicz, R.: 1992, ‘Development of an Ultra Violet Auroral Imager for the Freja Project’,Proc. of ESA Symp. on Photon Detectors for Space Instrumentation, ESA SP-356, p. 223.
Anger, C. D., Murphree, J. S., Vallance Jones, A., King, R. A., Broadfoot, A. L., Cogger, L. L., Creutzberg, F., Gattinger, R. L., Gustafsson, G., Harris, F. R., Haslett, J. W., Llewellyn, E. J., McConnell, J. C., McEwen, D. J., Richardson, E. H., Rostoker, G., Sandel, B. R., Shepherd, G. G., Venkatesan, D., Wallis, D. D., and Witt, G.: 1987a. ‘Scientific Results from the Viking Ultraviolet Imager: an Introduction’,Geophys. Res. Letters 14, 383–386.
Anger, C. D., Babey, S. K., Broadfoot, A. L., Brown, R. G., Cogger, L. L., Gattinger, R., Haslett, J. W., King, R. A., McEwen, D. J., Murphree, J. S., Richardson, E. H., Sandel, B. R., Smith, K., and Vallance Jones, A.: 1987b, ‘An Ultraviolet Auroral Imager for the Viking Spacecraft’,Geophys. Res. Letters 14, 387–390.
Anger, C. D., Fancott, T., McNally, J., and Kerr, H. S.: 1973, ‘ISIS-II Scanning Auroral Photometer’,Appl. Opt. 12, 1753–1766.
Burch, C. R.: 1947, Relfecting Microscopes’,Proc. Phys. Soc. 59, 41–46.
Elphinstone, R. D., Murphree, J. S., Cogger, L. L., Hearn, D., Henderson, M. G., and Lundin, R.: 1991a, ‘Observations of Changes to the Auroral Distribution Prior to Substorm Onset’,Magnetospheric Substorms, Amer. Geophys. Un. Mono. 64, 257.
Elphinstone, R. D., Hearn, D. J., Murphree, J. S., and Cogger, L. L.: 1991b, ‘Mapping Using the Tsyganenko Long Magnetospheric Model and Its Relationship to Viking Auroral Images’,J. Geophys. Res. 96, 1467.
Elphinstone, R. D., Murphree, J. S., Hearn, D. J., Cogger, L. L., Newell, P. T., and Vo, H. B.: 1992, ‘Viking Observations of the UV Dayside Aurora and Their Relationship to DMSP Particle Boundary Definitions’,Ann. Geophys. 10, 815.
Frank, L. A., Craven, J. D., Ackerson, K. L., English, M. R., Eather, R. H., and Carovillano, R. L.: 1981, ‘Global Auroral Imaging Instrumentation for the Dynamics Explorer Mission’,Space Inst. Instr. 5, 369–393.
Griffioen, E., McConnell, J. C., Murphree, J. S., Shepherd, G. G., Cogger, L. L., and Vallance Jones, A.: 1991, ‘Viking UV Cameras: Calibration Using Model Calculations and Long Wavelength Light Leakage’,Can. J. Phys. 69, 1154.
Hirao, K. and Itoh, T.: 1978, ‘Scientific Satellite Kyokko (EXOS-A)’,Solar Terrest. Env. Res. in Japan 2, 148–152.
Jones, A. V. et al.: 1987, ‘A Comparison of CANOPUS Ground Optical Data with Images from the Viking UV Camera’,Geophys. Res. Letters 14, 391–394.
King, R. A., Broadfoot, A. L., Sandel, B. R., and Vallance Jones, A.: 1988, ‘Correcting Image Distortion with Fiber Optic Tapers’,Appl. Opt. 27, 2048.
Lopez, R. E., Luhr, H., Anderson, B. J., Newell, P. T., and McEntire, R. W.: 1990, ‘Multipoint Observations of a Small Substorm’,J. Geophys. Res. 95, 18,897.
Lui, A. T. Y., Venkatesan, D., and Murphree, J. S.: 1989, ‘Auroral Bright Spots on the Dayside Oval’,J. Geophys. Res. 94, 5515.
Meng, C.-I. and Huffman, R. E.: 1984, ‘Ultraviolet Imaging from Space of the Aurora under Full Sunlight’,Geophys. Res. Letters 11, 315–318.
Murphree, J. S. and Cogger, L. L.: 1988, ‘The Application of CCD Detectors to UV Imaging from a Spinning Satellite’,Ultraviolet Technology II, Proc. Soc. Opt. Eng. 932, 42.
Murphree, J. S., Cogger, L. L., and Elphinstone, R. D.: 1989, ‘Observations of Distortions of Optical Features in the UV Auroral Distribution’,IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 17, 109.
Murphree, J. S., Elphinstone, R. D., Cogger, L. L., and Hearn, D.: 1991, ‘Viking Optical Substorm Signatures’,Magnetospheric Substorms, Amer. Geophys. Un. Mono. 64, 241.
Murphree, J. S., Elphinstone, R. D., Henderson, M. G., Cogger, L. L., and Hearn, D. J.: 1993, ‘Interpretation of Optical Substorm Onset Observations’,J. Atmospheric Terrest. Phys. 55, 1159.
Oguti, T., Kaneda, E., Ejiri, M., Sasaki, S., Kadokura, A., Yamamoto, T., Hayashi, K., Fujii, R., and Makita, K.: 1990, ‘Studies of Auroral Dynamics by Aurora-TV on the Akebono (EXOS-D) Satellite’,J. Geomag. Geoelectr. 42, 555.
Rees, M. H., Lummerzheim, D., Roble, R. G., Winningham, J. D., Craven, J. D., and Frank, L. A.: 1988, ‘Auroral Energy Deposition Rate, Characteristic Electron Energy, and Ionospheric Parameters Derived from Dynamics Explorer I Images’,J. Geophys. Res. 93, 12,841.
Rogers, E. H., Nelson, D. F., and Savage, R. C.: 1974, ‘Auroral Photography from a Satellite’,Science 183, 951–952.
Sandahl, I., Eliasson, L., Pellinen-Wannberg, A., Rostoker, G., Block, L. P., Erlandson, R. E., Friis-Christensen, E., Jacobsen, B., Luhr, H., and Murphree, J. S.: 1990, ‘Distribution of Auroral Precipitation at Midnight During a Magnetic Storm’,J. Geophys. Res. 95, 6051.
Shepherd, G. G., Fancott, T., McNally, J., and Kerr, H. S.: 1973, ‘ISIS-II Atomic Oxygen Red Line Photometer’,Appl. Opt. 12, 1767.
Steele, D. P., McEwen, D. J., and Murphree, J. S.: 1992, ‘On the Possibility of Auroral Remote Sensing with the Viking Ultraviolet Imager’,J. Geophys. Res. 97, 2845.
Wei, C. Q., Lee, L. C., and Labelle-Hamer, A. L.: 1990, ‘A Simulation Study of the Vortex Structure in the Low Latitude Boundary Layer’,J. Geophys. Res. 95, 20,793.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Murphree, J.S., King, R.A., Payne, T. et al. The Freja ultraviolet imager. Space Sci Rev 70, 421–446 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00756880
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00756880