Abstract
The atmospheric input of nitrogen and potantial acid, and the composition of the leachate from the topsoil layer are quantified for eight dune slack sites differing in plant composition, on the Frisian islands of Terschelling and Schiermonnikoog. Basiphilous mesotrophic communities with many rare plant species grow in one site on Terschelling and two sites on Schiermonnikoog. Samples were taken in the period mid May 1992 – mid May 1993. Bulk atmospheric nitrogen deposition measured in an open collector was between 15–20 kg ha−1 yr−1 for the eight sites. On Terschelling, the deposition was slightly higher than on Schiermonnikoog. Ammonium was a third of the total amount of nitrogen deposited on Terschelling and half the amount of nitrogen deposited on Schiermonnikoog. The deposition of potential acid varied from 490 to 810 mol ha−1 yr−1. On Terschelling, the amount of potential acid was highest and around 800 mol ha−1 yr−1 for both sites. On Schiermonnikoog, the amount of potential acid was lowest for the dune slacks in the north-western part of the island and it showed an increase for slacks towards the eastern part of the island. Calcium is the main cation leached from the topsoil followed by sodium, magnesium and potassium. Nitrogen or ammonium hardly leached from the topsoil layer. The shift from basiphilous pioneer communities toward older and more acid stages of dune slack succession appears to be caused primarily by leaching of base cations rather than eutrophication.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aerts, R., Berendse, F. De Caluwe, H. and Schmitz, M.: 1990, Oikos 57, 310.
Bakker, T. W. M., Klijn, J. A. and Zadelhoff, F. J.: 1981, Nederlandse Kustduinen, PUDOC, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Bakker, J.: 1989, Nature Management by Grazing and Cutting, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
Bobbink, R. and Roelofs, J. G. M.: 1995, ‘Ecological Effects of Atmospheric Deposition on Non-Forest Ecosystems inWestern Europe’, in G. J. Heij and J.W. Erisman (eds), Acid Rain Research: Do We Have Enough Answers?, Elsevier, Amsterdam.
Bobbink, R., Heil, G. and Raessen. M.: 1992, Env. Poll. 75, 29.
Buysman, E.: 1990, Report No. 228703005, RIVM Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
De Vries, W., Kros, J. and Klijn, J.: 1994, Journal of Applied Ecology 31, 59.
Erisman, J.: 1992, Atmospheric Deposition of Acidifying Compounds in the Netherlands, Ph. D. Thesis, University of Utrecht.
Grootjans, A. P., Lammerts, E. J. and van Beusekom, F.: Kalkrijke Duinvalleien op de Waddeneilanden (in Dutch), KNNV Uitgeverij, Utrecht.
Grootjans, A. P., Engelmoer, M., Hendriksma, P. and Westhoff, V.: 1988, Acta Bot. Neerl. 37, 265.
Grootjans, A. P., Hartog, P. S., Fresco, L. F. M. and Esselink, H.: 1991, J. Veg. Sci 2, 545.
Grootjans, A. P., Lammerts, E. J. and van Beusekom, F.: 1995, Kalkrijke Duinvalleien op de Waddeneilanden, KNNV, Utrecht.
Grootjans, A. P., Sival, F. P. and Stuyfzand, P. J.: 1996, Vegetatio 126, 27.
Hanna, E.: 1995, Weather 50, 336–342.
Heil, G. W.: 1988, ‘LAI of Grasslands and Their Roughness Lenght’, in J. T. A. Verhoeven, G. W. Heil and M. J. A. Werger (eds), Vegetation Structure in Relation to Carbon and Nutrient Economy, Academic Publishing, The Hague, pp. 149–155.
Heil, G. W. and Diemont, W. H.: 1983, Vegetatio 53, 113.
Heil, G. W., Werger, M. J. A., De Mol, W., Van Dam, D. and Heijne, B.: 1988, Science 239, 754.
Heykema, A.: 1965, Vegetationstypen der Küstendünen and der östlichen und südlichen Nordsee, Mittel der Arbeitsgenotshaft für Floristic in Schleswig-Holstein und Hamburg, Heft 13.
Houdijk, A. L. F. M. and Roelofs, J. G. M.: 1991, Acta Bot. Neerl. 40, 245.
Joyce, A., Cox, N. J. and Kenworthy, J. M.: 1998, Weather 53, 85.
Jungerius, P. D., Koehler, H., Kooijman, A. M., Mücher, H. J. and Graefe, U.: 1995, Journal Of Coastal Conservation 1, 3.
K.N.M.I.: 1992, Maandoverzicht neerslag en verdamping in Nederland, Jaargang no. 5–12. De Bilt.
K.N.M.I.: 1993, Maandoverzicht neerslag en verdamping in Nederland, Jaargang no. 1–5. De Bilt.
Koerselman,W.: 1992, ‘The Nature of Nutrient Limitation in Dutch Dune Slacks’, in R.W. G. Carter, T. G. F. Curtis and M. J. Sheehy-Skeffington (eds), Coastal dunes: Geomorphology, Ecology and Management for Conservation, Proceedings of the third European Dune Congress, Galway, Ireland, A. A. Balkema, Rotteram, pp. 533.
Lammerts, E. J., Sival F. P., Grootjans, A. P. and Esselink, H.: 1992, ‘Hydrological Conditions and Soil Buffering Processes Controlling the Occurrence of Dune Species on the Dutch Wadden Sea Islands’, in R. W. G. Carter, T. G. F. Curtis and M. J. Sheehy-Skeffington (eds), Coastal Dunes: Geomorphology, Ecology and Management for Concervation, Proceedings of the third European Dune Congress, Galway, Ireland, A. A. Balkeme, Rotterdam, pp. 533.
Lammerts, E. J., Grootjans, A. P., Stuyfzand, P. J. and Sival, F. P.: 1995, ‘Endangered Dune Slack Plants; Gastronomers in Need of Mineral Water’, in A. Salman, H. Verends and A. Bonazountas (eds), Coastal Management and Habitat Concervation, Vol. I, EUCC, Leiden, pp. 355–359.
Lammerts, E. J. and Grootjans, A. P.: 1997, Coastal Conserv. 3, 87.
Morecroft, M. D., Sellers, E. K. and Lee, J. A.: 1994, J. Ecol. 82, 475.
Olff, H., Huisman, J. and van Tooren, B. F.: 1993, J. Ecol. 81, 693.
Parker, G. G.: 1983, Adv. in Ecol. Res. 13, 58.
Sival, F. P.: 1996, Acta. Bot. Neerl. 45, 85.
Sival, F. P., Grootjans, A. P. and Stuyfzand, P. J.: 1996, Vegetatio 126, 39.
Stuyfzand, P. J.: 1993, Hydrochemistry and Hydrology of the Coastal Dune Area of the Western Netherlands, Ph. D. Thesis. KIWA Publ. Niewegein.
Sutton, M. A., Pitcairn, C. E. R. and Fowler, D.: 1993, ‘The Exchange of Ammonia Between the Atmosphere and Plant communities’, in M. Begon and A. H. Fitter (eds), Advances in Ecological Research Vol 24, Academic Press, London.
Thompson, R. D. and Shaw, F. M.: 1990, Theoretical Application of Climatology 42, 27.
Turner, R. S., Wang, D. W. and Johnson, A. H.: 1985, Journal of Environmental Quality 14, 305.
Van Beckhoven, K.: 1995, Rewetting of Coastal Dune Slacks: Effects on Plant Growth and Soil Processes, Ph. D. Thesis. Free University of Amsterdam.
Van Breemen, N., Driscoll. C. T. and Mulder, J.: 1984, Nature 307, 599.
Van Dam, D.: 1990, Atmospheric Deposition and Nutrient Cycling in Chalk Grassland, Ph. D. Thesis. University of Utrecht.
Van Dam, D., Van Dobben, H. F., Ter Braak, C. F. J. and De Wit, T.: 1986, Vegetatio 65, 47.
Van Dijk, E. and Grootjans, A. P.: 1993, Hydrobiologia 265, 281.
Van Dorp, D., Boot, R. and Van der Maarel, E.: 1985, Vegetatio 58, 123.
Weijers, E. P. and Vughts, H. F.: 1990, Atmospheric Environment 24, 3021.
Westhof, V., Hobohm, C. and Schaminee, J. H. J.: 1993, Tuexenia 13, 109.
Wessel, W. W. and Tietema, A.: 1995, Plant and Soil 171, 341.
Wilson, E. J., Wells, T. C. E. and Sparks, T. H.: 1995, J. Ecol 83, 823.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sival, F.P., Strijkstra-Kalk, M. Atmospheric Deposition of Acidifying and Eutrophicating Substances in Dune Slacks. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 116, 461–477 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005172221338
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005172221338