Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Invertebrates in Woodlands Polluted by Heavy Metals – – An Evaluation Using Canonical Correspondence Analysis

  • Published:
Water, Air, and Soil Pollution Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Ground running invertebrates were sampled by pitfall trapping in woodlands with high and low aerial pollution by heavy metals. Principal component analysis calculated for the environmental variables showed degree of metal contamination to be the most important difference between the sites. Calculation of canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) for different groups of animals e.g. Diplopoda, Opiliones, Aranaea and Carabidae was carried out and produced plots which can be interpreted with respect to the pollution effect. The effect of different environmental factors on individual species or subgroups delimited by size, breeding season, diet etc. was determined. Species associating with or disassociating from high pollution levels can be identified. No clear patterns were shown when examining size or breeding season in Carabids in relation to pollution. The highly polluted woods near the main pollution source at Avonmouth are lacking in lycosid spiders, the vacant niche may be filled by a large species of ground running agelenid which may be more adaptable in habits than the lycosids. CCA plots of both Aranaea and all species pooled together show a triangular shape. This is interpreted as representing a small number of species able to adapt to high pollution levels and a larger potential number found at ’clean' sites.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Alstad, D. N., Edmonds, G. F. and Weinstein, L. H.: 1982, Annual Review of Entomology 27, 236.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beckett, C. L.: 1986, Heavy Metals in Severn Estuary Ecosystems, PhD Thesis, University of Bristol.

  • Bengtsson, G. and Rundgren, S.: 1984, Ambio 13(1), 29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bengtsson, G. and Tranvik, L.: 1989, Water, Air, and Soil Pollut. 47, 381.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blower, J. G.: 1969, Syst. Ass. Pub. 8, 209.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blower, J. G.: 1985, Millipedes, Synopses of the British fauna (New series). 35, Brill/Blackhuys.

  • Coughtrey, P. J.: 1978, Cadmium in Terrestrial Ecosystems: A Case study at Avonmouth, Bristol, England, PhD Thesis, University of Bristol.

  • Coughtrey, P. J. and Martin, M. H.: 1977a, New Phytology 79, 273.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coughtrey, P. J. and Martin, M. H.: 1977b, Oecologia(Berlin) 27, 65.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coughtrey, P. J., Jones, P. J., Martin, M. H. and Shales, S. W.: 1979, Oecologia(Berlin) 39, 51.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deeleman-Reinhold, C. L.: 1990, Acta Zool. Fennica 190, 103.

    Google Scholar 

  • Digby, P. G. N. and Kempton, R. A.: 1987, Multivariate Analysis of Ecological Communities, Chapman and Hall, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edgar, W. D.: 1969, J. Zool. Lond. 159, 405.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenslade, P. and Greenslade, P. J.: 1971, J. Aust. Ent. Soc. 10, 253.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heijerman, T. and Turin, H.: 1989, Tijd. Ent. 132, 241.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hendry, G. (ed.): 1980, Wetmoor Nature Reserve, Gloucestershire trust for nature conservation. Standish, Gloucestershire.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hill, M. O.: 1991, J. Biogeog. 18, 247.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hillyard, P. D. and Sankey, J. H. P.: 1989, in Kermack, D.M. and Barnes, R. S. K. (eds.), Harvestmen, Keys and Notes for the Identification of the Species. Synopses of the British Fauna (new series) No. 4, 2nd ed., E. J. Brill, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hopkin, S. P.: 1989, Ecophysiology of Metals in Terrestrial Invertebrates, Elsevier Applied Science. London and New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hopkin, S. P., Hardistry, G. N. and Martin, M. H.: 1986, Environmental Pollution(B) 11, 271.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hopkin, S. P. and Martin, M. H.: 1984, Symp. Zool. Soc. Lond. 53, 143.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hopkin, S. P., Watson, K., Martin, M. H. and Mould, M. L.: 1985, Bijd. Dierk. 55(1), 88.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hunter, B. A., Johnson, M. S. and Thompson, D. J.: 1987, J. Appl. Ecol. 24, 587.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, D.: 1983, Spiders of Britain and Northern Europe., Country life books, Middlesex.

    Google Scholar 

  • Joosse, E. N. G.: 1965, Zeit. Morphol. Ökol. Tiere, Berl. 55, 587.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kloet, G. S. and Hincks, W. D.: 1977, Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects. Vol. II A Check List of British Insects. Pt 3 Coleoptera and Strepsiptera. 2nd ed., revised by R. D. Pope. Royal Entomological Society, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Köhler, H. R., Storch, V. and Alberti, G.: 1992, Oecologia 90, 113.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lepp, N. W.: 1981a, Effects of Heavy Metal Pollution on Plants, Vol. I. Effects of Trace Metals on Plant Function, Applied Science Publishers, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lepp, N. W.: 1981b, Effect of Heavy Metal Pollution on Plants. Vol. II. Metal in the Environment, Applied Science Publishers, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lesniak, A.: 1980, in Spaleny, J. (ed.) Proceedings of the IIIrd Internationale Conference Bioindicators Deteriorisationis Regionis, Praha, pp. 219-221.

  • Little, P.: 1973, Environ. Pollut. 5, 159.

    Google Scholar 

  • Little, P.: 1974, Airbourne Zinc, Lead and Cadmium Pollution and its Effects on Soils and Vegetation, Unpublished PhD. University of Bristol.

  • Luczak, J.: 1984, Pol. Ecol. Stud. 10(1-2), 157.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ludwig, M.: 1990, Zool. Beitr. N. F. 33(2), 295.

    Google Scholar 

  • Magurran, A. E.: 1988, Ecological Diversity and its Measurement.Chapman and Hall.

  • Martin, M. H. and Bullock, R.: 1994, in S. M. Ross (ed.) Toxic Metals in Soil-Plant Systems, John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, pp. 327-365.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin, M. H. and Coughtrey, P. J.: 1987, in 'Pollutant Transport and Fate in Ecosystems', Special Publication of the British Ecological Society, 6, 319-336.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin, M. H., Coughtrey, P. J. and Young, E. W.: 1976, Chemosphere 5, 313.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martin, M. H., Duncan, E. M. and Coughtrey, P. J.: 1982, Environmental Pollution (B) 3, 147.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nriagu, J. O.: 1978, The Biogeochemistry of Lead in the Environment, Part A, Ecological Cycles. Elsevier, Amsterdam.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pielou, E. C.: 1975, Ecological Diversity, John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Read, H. J.: 1987, The Effects of Heavy Metal Pollution on Woodland Leaf Litter Faunal Communities, PhD Thesis, University of Bristol.

  • Read, H. J., Wheater, C. P. and Martin, M. H.: 1987, Environ. Pollut. 48, 61.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Roberts, M. J.: 1987, The Spiders of Britain and Ireland, Vol. 2. Harley Books, Colchester.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roberts, R. D. and Johnson, M. S.: 1978, Environ. Pollut. 16, 293.

    Google Scholar 

  • Santas, Ph.: 1986, Rev. Ecol. Biol. Sol, Paris 23, 367.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spaull, V. W.: 1979, Phil. Trans. Royal Soc. Lond. (B) 286, 109.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spurgeon, D. J., Sandifer, R. D. and Hopkin, S. P.: 1996, in N. M. Van Straalen and D. A. Krivolutsky (eds.), Bioindicator Systems for Soil Pollution, Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands, pp. 95-110.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ter Braak, C. J.: 1986, Ecology 67, 1167.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ter Braak, C. J.: 1987, CANOCO, Institute of Applied Computer Science, Wageningen, The Netherlands.

  • Todd, V.: 1949, J. Anim. Ecol. 18, 209.

    Google Scholar 

  • Uetz, G. N.: 1977, J. Anim. Ecol. 46, 531.

    Google Scholar 

  • van Hook, R. I. and Yates, A. J.: 1975, Environ. Res. 9, 76.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van Straalen, N. M.: in C. E. Pankhurst, B. M. Doube and V. V. S. R. Gupta (eds.), Bioindicators of Soil Health, CAB International, Wallingford, (in press).

  • Van Straalen, N. M. and Van Wensem, J.: 1986, Environ. Pollut. (Series A) 42, 209.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, G.: 1962, J. Anim. Ecol. 31, 23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williamson, P. and Evans, P. R.: 1972, Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 8, 280.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Williamson, P. and Evans, P. R.: 1973, Paedobiol. 13, 16.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, University of Bristol, Woodland Road, Bristol, BS8 1UG, U.K

    Helen J. Read & M. H. Martin

  2. Department Zoology, University of Bristol, Woodland Road, Bristol, BS8 1UG, U.K

    J. M. V. Rayner

Authors
  1. Helen J. Read
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. M. H. Martin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. J. M. V. Rayner
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Read, H.J., Martin, M.H. & Rayner, J.M.V. Invertebrates in Woodlands Polluted by Heavy Metals – – An Evaluation Using Canonical Correspondence Analysis. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 106, 17–42 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004917829355

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004917829355

Search

Navigation