Summary
In the present study, blood pressure, the renin angiotensin aldosterone system, and other cardiovascular risk factors, such as glucose, cholesterine, and triglycerides, were investigated in 294 offspring of essential hypertensives (5–34 years) and in 122 children of normotensive parents (5–34 years). Offspring of essential hypertensives showed statistically significant higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure values than those of normotensive parents (p<0.003, <0.005, respectively). Furthermore, in children of hypertensive parents a statistically significant higher body weight and body mass index than in controls could be observed (p<0.006, <0.001, respectively).
With the exception of statistically significant, lower mean supine plasma aldosterone values (p<0.02) in children of hypertensive parents, no major differences between the two groups were seen in stimulated aldosterone, supine and stimulated plasma renin activity, and plasma cortisol. Furthermore, in the present study, 41 hypertensive parents, 65 (normotensive) spouses of hypertensives, and 47 (normotensive) parents of control children were investigated. As expected, hypertensive parents showed statistically significant higher blood pressure values than parents of control children and their spouses (p<0.001). Interestingly, hypertensive parents had not only a higher body mass index than control parents but also than their spouses (p<0.01 and <0.02, respectively). These findings support a genetic disposition as being the underlying cause of higher body weight in hypertensives and make it less probable that a higher food intake in hypertensive families is responsible for this phenomenon. The results of the present study indicate that early body weight control in children of hypertensive parents may be an important contribution to the prevention of hypertension.
Zusammenfassung
In der vorliegenden Untersuchung wurden 294 Nachkommen (5–34 Jahre) essentieller Hypertoniker bezüglich Blutdruck, Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosteron-System and anderer kardiovaskulärer Risikofaktoren wie Glukose, Cholesterin und Triglyzeride untersucht und mit 122 Nachkommen (5–34 Jahre) normotoner Eltern verglichen.
Dabei zeigte sich, daß Nachkommen essentieller Hypertoniker im Mittel statistisch signifikant höhere systolische und diastolische Blutdruckwerte zeigten als solche normotoner Eltern (p<0,003 bzw. 0,005). Weiter ließ sich bei Kindern hypertoner Eltern im Mittel ein signifikant höheres Körpergewicht und ein größerer Body-Mass-Index beobachten als im Kontrollkollektiv (p<0,006 bzw. 0,001).
Mit Ausnahme statistisch signifikant niedrigerer Ruhe-Plasma-Aldosteronwerte (p<0,002) bei Kindern essentieller Hypertoniker ließen sich zwischen beiden Kollektiven keine Unterschiede im Stimulationsaldosteron, in der Ruhe- und Stimulations-Plasma-Renin-Aktivität und im Plasmacortisol nachweisen.
Ebenfalls zeigten die beiden Kollektive bezüglich der anderen untersuchten Parametern wie Kreatinin, Glukose, Cholesterin und Triglyzeride keine wesentlichen Unterschiede.
Weiterhin wurden in der vorliegenden Untersuchung 41 hypertone Elternteile, 65 (normotone) Ehepartner von Hypertonikern und 47 (normotone) Eltern von Kontrollkindern untersucht. Erwarungsgemäß zeigten Hypertoniker statistisch signifikant höhere Blutdruckwerte als ihre Ehepartner und die Kontrolleltern (p<0,001). Interessanterweise zeigten die hypertonen Eltern nicht nur einen höheren Body-Mass-Index als Kontrolleltern sondeern auch als Ehepartner (p<0,01 bzw. <0,02). Diese Befunde stützen eine vorwiegend genetische Disposition als zugrundeliegende Ursache des höheren Körpergewichtsverhaltens und lassen eine vermehrte Nahrungsmittelaufnahme in Hypertonikerfamilien eher als unwahrscheinlich erscheinen.
Die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Studie legen es nahe, daß durch eine möglichst frühzeitige Kontrolle des Körpergewichtsverhaltens bei Nachkommen essentieller Hypertoniker ein Beitrag zur Primärprävention der Hochdruckkrankheit geleistet werden kann.
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Arbeit im Rahmen des Schweizerischen Nationalen Forschungs-Programmes 1B „Prophylaxe der Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen“ (Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung, Projekt Nr. 4.066.076.1)
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Studer, A., Lüscher, T., Greminger, P. et al. Blutdruck, Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosteron-System und andere kardiovaskuläre Risikofaktoren bei Kindern essentieller Hypertoniker. Klin Wochenschr 60, 275–284 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01716804
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01716804