Abstract
The effects of silver on cultured mouse peritoneal macrophages were examined by estimation of cell survival and by light and electron microscopy. Additon of silver lactate to the culture medium at final concentrations of 40 and 80 μM resulted in coagulation necrosis and rapid cell death. At lower concentrations cell structure appeared normal. However, the rate of cell death at 20 μM silver lactate was increased as compared to controls. Silver, visualized by physical development/autometallography, was invariably located in lysosomes. The production of malondialdehyde in mouse liver of silver-treated mice as compared to controls was also examined. This lipid peroxidation product had increased to the same amount in animals treated with silver for either 3 days or with only one silver injection 4 h before examination. This study has demonstrated that silver affects viability and structure of cultured macrophages, possibly due to induction of lipid peroxidation, as demonstrated to occur in the liver of silver-exposed mice.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aaseth J, Olsen A, Halse J, Hovig T (1981) Argyria — tissue deposition of silver as selenide. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 41: 247–251
Black RS, Whanger PD, Tripp MJ (1979) Influence of silver, mercury, lead, cadmium and selenium on glutathione peroxidase and transferase activities in rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 1: 313–324
Danscher G (1981) Light and electron microscopic localization of silver in biological tissue. Histochemistry 71: 177–186
Danscher G (1984) Autometallography. Histochemistry 81: 331–335
Danscher G, Rungby J (1986) Differentiation of histochemically visualized mercury and silver. Histochem J (in press)
Dempsey EW (1973) Neural and vascular ultrastructure of the area postrema of the rat. J Comp Neurol 150: 177–200
de Ruiter N, Ottenwälder H, Muliawan H, Kappus H (1981) Ethane formation of isolated rat hepatocytes due to carbon tetrachloride. Toxicol Lett 8: 265–271
Diplock AT, Green J, Bungan J, McHale D, Muthy IR (1967) Vitamin E and stress. 3. The metabolism of D-α-tocopherol in the rat under dietary stress with silver. Br J Nutr 21: 115–125
DiVincenzo GD, Giordano CJ, Schiever LS (1985) Biologic monitoring of workers exposed to silver. Int Arch Occup Environ Hlth 56: 205–215
Fowler BA, Nordberg GF (1986) Silver. In: Friberg L, Nordberg GF, Veuk UB (eds) Handbook on the toxicology of metals. Elsevier, Amsterdam
Fuchs U, Franz H (1971) Präparativ erzielte Silber Anreicherung bei experimenteller Argyrose. Elektromikroskopische Befunde. Exp Path 5: 163–174
Grasso P, Abraham R, Hendy R, Diplock AT, Goldberg L, Green J (1969) The role of dietary silver in production of liver necrosis in vitamin E deficient rats. Exp Mol Pathol 11: 186–199
Grossman A, Wendel A (1983) Non-reactivity of the selenoenzyme glutathione peroxidase with enzymatically hydroperoxidized phospholipids. Eur J Biochem 135: 549–552
Hjelle JJ, Petersen DR (1983) Metabolism of malondialdehyde by rat liver aldehyde dehydrogenase. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 70: 57–66
James TH (1977) The theory of the photographic process. New York: Macmillan
Kappus H (1985) Lipid peroxidation. In: Sies H (ed) Oxidative stress. Academic Press, London
Leirskar J (1974) On the mechanisms of cytotoxicity of silver and copper amalgams in a cell culture system. Scand J Dent Res 82: 74–81
Lima AR, Curtis C, Hammermeister DE, Call DJ, Felhaber TA (1982) Acute toxicity of silver to selected fish and invertebrates. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 29: 184–189
Matuk Y (1983) Distribution of radioactive silver in the subcellular fractions of various tissues of the rat and its binding to low molecular weight proteins. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 61: 1391–1395
Okkawa H, Onishi N, Yagi K (1979) Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal Biochem 95: 351–358
Popham JD, Webster JM (1982) Ultrastructural changes in caenorhabditis elegans (Nematoda) caused by toxic levels of mercury and silver. Ecotoxicol Environ Safety 6: 183–189
Rungby J (1986) Exogenous silver in dorsal root ganglia, peripheral nerve, enteric ganglia, and adrenal medulla. Acta Neuropathol 69: 45–53
Rungby J, Danscher G (1983a) Localization of exogenous silver in brain and spinal cord of silver exposed rats. Acta Neuropathol 60: 92–98
Rungby J, Danscher G (1983b) Neuronal accumulation of silver in brains of progeny from argyric rats. Acta Neuropathol 61: 258–262
Siegel S (1956) Non-parametric statistics for the behavioral sciences. McGraw-Hill, New York
Siu GM, Draper HH (1982) Metabolism of malonaldehyde in vivo and in vitro. Lipids 17: 349–355
Sugawara N, Sugawara C (1984) Effect of silver on ceruloplasmin synthesis in relation to low-molecular-weight protein. Toxicol Lett 20: 99–104
Tanaka T, Hagashi Y, Ishizawa M (1983) Subcellular distribution and binding of heavy metals in the untreated liver of the squid, comparison with data from the livers of cadmium and silver exposed rats. Experientia 39: 746–748
Wagner PA, Hoekstra W, Ganther H (1975) Alleviation of silver toxicity by selenite in the rat in relation to tissue glutathione peroxidase. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 148: 1106–1110
Winge DR, Premakomar R, Rajagopalan KV (1975) Metal-induced formation of metallothionein in rat liver. Arch Biochem Biophys 170: 242–252
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Rungby, J., Hultman, P. & Ellermann-Eriksen, S. Silver affects viability and structure of cultured mouse peritoneal macrophages and peroxidative capacity of whole mouse liver. Arch Toxicol 59, 408–412 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00316206
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00316206