Abstract
Adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were prepared with chronic cortical and muscle electrodes and i.v. cannulas, made tolerant to and physically dependent on morphine, and trained to lever press for i.v. morphine self-injections to maintain dependence. Methadone or l-alpha-acetylmethadol (LAAM) was then substituted for morphine in some of these rats. During self-maintained dependence on either morphine or methadone, head shakes appeared and increased in frequency before lever pressing for selfinjections. In contrast, there were fewer head shakes during LAAM dependence, which were evenly distributed over the entire duration of the interinjection interval. These findings suggest a relationship between head-shake distributions, drug-seeking behavior, and the pharmacodynamics of these three narcotics.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
References
Colasanti, B., Khazan, N.: Imipramine-induced changes in the rapid eye movement sleep rebound and wet-dog shakes of morphine-abstinent rats. Neuropharmacology 14, 361–367 (1975)
Fraser, H. F., Isbell, H.: Actions and addiction liabilities of alphaacetylmethadols in man. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 105, 458–465 (1952)
Khazan, N.: The implication and significance of EEG and sleepawake activity in the study of experimental drug dependence on morphine. In: Methods in narcotics research, S. Ehrenpreis and A. Neidle, eds., pp. 173–215. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc. 1975
Khazan, N., Young, G. A., Moreton, J. E.: Abstinence from morphine, methadone, and l-alpha-acetylmethadol (LAAM) in dependent rats. EEG and behavioral correlates. Fed. Proc. 35, 470 (1976)
Khazan, N., Weeks, J. R., Schroeder, L. A.: Electroencephalographic, electromyographic and behavioral correlates during a cycle of self-maintained morphine addiction in the rat. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 155, 521–531 (1967)
Martin, W. R., Wikler, A., Eades, C. G., Pescor, F. G.: Tolerance to and physical dependence on morphine in rats. Psychopharmacologia (Berl.) 4, 247–260 (1963)
Moreton, J. E., Roehrs, T., Khazan, N.: Drug self-administration and sleep-awake activity in rats dependent on morphine, methadone, or l-alpha-acetylmethadol. Psychopharmacology 47, 237–241 (1976)
Seevers, M. H.: Psychopharmacological elements of drug dependence. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 206, 1263–1266 (1968)
Weeks, J. R.: Long-term intravenous infusion. In: Methods in psychobiology, R. D. Myers, ed., pp. 155–168. New York: Academic Press 1972
Young, G. A., Moreton, J. E., Meltzer, L. T., Khazan, N.: l-alphaacetylmethadol (LAAM), methadone, and morphine abstinence in dependent rats: EEG and behavioral correlates. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 2, 141–148 (1977)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Chiba, S., Young, G.A., Moreton, J.E. et al. Head-Shake distributions during self-maintained dependence on morphine, methadone, and l-alpha-acetylmethadol (LAAM) in the rat. Psychopharmacology 54, 105–107 (1977). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00426549
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00426549