Skip to main content
Log in

On the mechanism of an increase of muscle performance and of vasodilation during emotional stress in man

  • Heart, Circulation, Respiration and Blood; Environmental and Exercise Physiology
  • Published:
Pflügers Archiv Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The mechanism of the increase of muscle performance and of vasodilation during emotional stress was studied. The “emotional” increment of voluntary performance does not depend on the level of blood supply to the working muscles, and the effect is maintained under conditions of cessation of arterial inflow. Augmentation of muscle performance is also observed during emotional stress when isometric contraction is evoked by electrical tetanic stimulation of the nerve, when the number of muscle fibres participating in the evoked response does not increase during emotional stress. The “emotional” vasodilation is greatly reduced in patients suffering from McArdle's syndrome, in whom the normal course of glycolysis in muscles is disrupted. It is suggested that acetylcholine liberated from sympathetic fibres causes the activation of glycolysis in muscles, which in its turn induces vasodilation in resting skeletal muscles and increase of muscle performance during emotional stress.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Abrahams, V. C., Hilton, S. M.: Active muscle vasodilation and its relation to the “flight and fight” reactions in the conscious animals. J. Physiol. (Lond.)140, 16–17 (1958)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Abrahams, V. C., Hilton, S. M., Zbrozyna, A.: Active muscle vasodilation produced by stimulation of the brain stem: its significance in the defence reaction. J. Physiol. (Lond.)154, 491–513 (1960)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Abrahams, V. C., Hilton, S. M., Zbrozyna, A. W.: The role of active muscle vasodilation in the alerting stage of the defence reaction. J. Physiol. (Lond.)171, 189–202 (1964)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Abramson, D. I., Ferris, E. B.: Responses of blood vessels in the resting hand and forearm to various stimuli. Am. Heart J.19, 541–553 (1940)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Badaljan, L. O., Bondarenko, E. C., Ermilchenko, T. E., Idelson, L. I., Sitnikov, B. F., Harit, I. O.: Hereditary haemolitic anaemia due to deficiency of hexokinase of erythrocytes in combination with muscle glycogenosis (in Russian). Clin. Med.8, 156–163 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Barcroft, H., Brod, J., Hejl, Z., Hirsjärvi, E. A., Kitchin, A. H.: The mechanism of the vasodilation in the forearm muscle during stress (mental arithmetic). Clin. Sci.19, 557–586 (1960)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Barcroft, H., Greenwood, B., McArdle, B., McSwiney, R. R., Semple, S. J. G., Whelan, R. F., Youlten, L. J. F.: The effect of exercise on forearm blood flow and on venous blood pH, pCO2 and lactate in a subject with phosphorylase deficiency in skeletal muscle (McArdle's syndrome). J. Physiol. (Lond.)189, 44–46P (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Berdina, N. A., Kolenko, O. L., Kotz, Y. M., Kuznetzov, S. P., Rodinov, I. M., Savtchenko, A. P., Tkhorevsky, V. I.: The blood flow and the performance of a skeletal muscle during emotional stress induced by mental arithmetic (in Russian). J. Physiol. U.S.S.R.57, 546–555 (1971a)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Berdina, N. A., Kolenko, O. L., Kotz, Y. M., Rodionov, I. M., Tkhorevsky, V. I.: On the functional significance of the sympathetic vasodilator effect in a skeletal muscle (in Russian). Dokl. Akad. Nauk U.S.S.R.197, 1218–1221 (1971b)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Berdina, N. A., Kolenko, O. L., Kotz, Y. M., Kuznetzov, S. P., Rodionov, I. M., Savtchenko, A. P., Tkhorevsky, V. O.: Increase in skeletal muscle performance during emotional stress in man. Circ. Res.30, 642–650 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Berdina, N. A., Rodionov, I. M.: Activation of phosphorylase during sympathetic vasodilative cholinergic effect in skeletal muscles (in Russian). J. Physiol. U.S.S.R.59, 75–81 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Berdina, N. A., Rodionov, I. M.: Activation of anaerobic metabolism in cat skeletal muscle during cholinergic sympathetic vasodilation. Pflügers Arch.367, 37–42 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Blair, D. A., Glover, W. E., Greenfield, A. D. M., Roddie, I. C.: Excitation of cholinergic vasodilator nerves to human skeletal muscles during emotional stress. J. Physiol. (Lond.)148, 633–647 (1959a)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Blair, D. A., Glover, W. E., Roddie, I. C.: The abolition of reactive and post-exercise hyperaemia in the forearm by temporary restriction of arterial inflow. J. Physiol. (Lond.)148, 648–658 (1959b)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Bolme, P., Ngai, S. H., Uvnäs, B., Wallenberg, L. R.: Circulatory and behavioural effects on electrical stimulation of the sympathetic vasodilator areas in unanesthetized dogs. Acta Physiol. Scand.70, 334–346 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Brod, J., Fencl, V., Hejl, Z., Jirka, J.: Circulatory changes underlying blood pressure elevation during acute emotional stress (mental arithmetic) in normotensive and hypertensive subjects. Clin. Sci.18, 269–279 (1959)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Fencl, V., Hejl, Z., Jirka, J., Madlafousek, J., Brod, J.: Changes of blood flow in forearm muscle and skin during an acute emotional stress (mental arithmetic). Clin. Sci.18, 491–498 (1959)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Folkow, B., Haeger, K., Uvnäs, B.: Cholinergic vasodilator nerves in the sympathetic outflow to the muscles of the hind limb of the cat. Acta Physiol. Scand.15, 401–411 (1948)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Folkow, B., Uvnäs, B.: Distribution and functional significance of sympathetic vasodilators to the hind limbs of the cat. Acta Physiol. Scand.15, 389–400 (1948)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Folkow, B., Uvnäs, B.: Do adrenergic vasodilator nerves exist? Acta Physiol. Scand.20, 329–337 (1950)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Grant, R. F., Pearson, R. S.: The blood circulation in the human limb, observations on the differences between the proximal and distal parts and remarks on the regulation of body temperature. Clin. Sci.3, 119–139 (1938)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Hausmanova-Petrusewicz, I.: Muscle diseases. Warsaw, 1971

  23. Humphreys, P. W., Lind, A. R.: The blood flow through active and inactive muscles of the forearm during sustained handgrip contractions. J. Physiol. (Lond.)166, 120–135 (1963)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Kotz, Y. M., Kuznetzov, S. P.: The methods of estimation of “anaerobic” performance of peripheral neuro-muscular apparatus in athletes (in Russian). Theory and Practice of Physical Culture N10, 24–29 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Lenkova, N. A., Rodionov, I. M., Studitskaya, O. A.: Increase in lactic acid output in a resting skeletal muscle during vasomotor influences (in Russian). Bull. Exp. Biol. Med.32, N7 (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Lind, A. R., McNicol, G. W.: Local and central circulatory responses to sustained contractions and the effect of free and restricted arterial inflow on post-ecercise hyperaemia. J. Physiol. (Lond.)192, 575–593 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Pearson, C. M., Rimer, D. G.: Evidence for direct utilization of fructose in working muscle in man. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med.100, 671 (1959)

    Google Scholar 

  28. Rosell, S., Uvnäs, B.: Vasomotor control of oxygen consumption in skeletal muscle. Acta Physiol. Scand.50 (Suppl. 175), 129–130 (1960)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Rosell, S., Uvnäs, B.: Vasomotor nerve activity and oxygen uptake in skeletal muscle of the anesthetized cat. Acta Physiol. Scand.54, 209–222 (1962)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Tkhorevsky, V. I.: Blood supply in the forearm muscle during sustained contractions of various forces and durations (in Russian). J. Physiol. U.S.S.R.54, 199–206 (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  31. Wilkins, R. W., Eichna, L. W.: Blood flow to the forearm and calf. Bull. Johns Hopk. Hosp.68, 425–449 (1941)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Kotz, Y.M., Rodionov, I.M., Sitnikov, B.F. et al. On the mechanism of an increase of muscle performance and of vasodilation during emotional stress in man. Pflugers Arch. 373, 211–218 (1978). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00580826

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00580826

Key words

Navigation