Abstract
23Na MRI changes from the acute to chronic phase were investigated in seven patients with cerebral in-farcts. They showed no signal increase during the first 13 h after the stroke and revealed a definite signal increase thereafter. This reached a maximum 45–82 h after stroke and became slightly less marked in the subactue and chronic phases, probably as a result of disappearance of cerebral oedema. In the early acute phase of stroke,23Na MRI appears to fail to demonstrate Na+ increases in the ischaemic area, due presumably to the invisibility on MRI of intracellular23Na in the intact brain. The increase more than 13 h after stroke, during which ischaemic cells are likely to die, is presumably because of increased visibility of intracellular23Na in the dead cells.23Na MRI is apparently insensitive to early ischaemic changes, but may be useful for assessing the cell viability in the ischaemic brain.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Hilal SK, Maudsley AA, Simon HE, Perman WH, Bonn J, Mawad ME, Silver AJ, Ganti SR, Sane P, Chien IC (1983) In vivo NMR imaging of tissue sodium in the cat before and after acute cerebral stroke AJNR 4:245–249
Hilal SK, Maudsley AA, Ra JB, Simon HE, Roschman P, Wittekoek S, Cho ZH, Mun SK (1985) In vivo NMR imaging of sodium-23 in the human head. J Comput Assist Tomogr 9:1–7
Feinberg DA, Crooks LA, Kaufman L, Brant-Zawadkzki M, Posin JP, Arakawa M, Watts JC, Hoenninger J (1985) Magnetic resonance imaging performance: a comparison of sodium and hydrogen. Radiology 156:133–138
Perman WH, Turski PA, Houston LW, Glover GH, Hayes CE (1986) Methodology of in vivo human sodium MR imaging at 1.5T. Radiology 160:811–820
Turski PA, Perman WH, Hald JK, Houston LW, Strother CM, Sackett JF (1986) Clinical and experimental vasogenic edema: in vivo sodium MR imaging: work in progress. Radiology 160:821–825
Winkler SS, Thomasson DM, Sherwood K, Perman WH (1989) Regional T2 and sodium concentration estimates in the normal human brain by sodium-23 imaging at 1.5T. J Comput Assist Tomogr 13:561–566
Grodd W, Klose U (1988) Sodium MR imaging of the brain: initial clinical results. Neuroradiology 30:399–407
Shimizu T, Naritomi H, Kuriyama Y, Sawada T (1992) Sequential changes of sodium magnetic resonance images after cerebral haemorrhage. Neuroradiology 34:301–304
Levin VA, Fenstermacher JD, Patlak C (1970) Sucrose and inulin space measurements of cerebral cortex in four mammalian species. Am J Physiol 219:1528–1533
Cope FW (1967) NMR evidence for complexing of Na+ in muscle, kidney, and brain, and by actomyosin. The relation of cellular complexing of Na+ to water structure and to transport kinetics. J Gen Physiol 50:1353–1375
O'Brien MD, Waltz AG, Jordan MM (1974) Ischemic cerebral edema and the blood-brain barrier. Arch Neurol 30:461–465
Ito U, Go KG, Nakamura R, Suganuma F, Inabe Y (1979) Brain edema during ischemia and after restoration of blood flow. Measurement of water, sodium, potassium content and plasma protein permeability. Stroke 10:542–547
Gotoh O, Asano T, Koide T, Takakura K (1985) Ischemic brain edema following occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in the rat. I: The time course of the brain water, sodium and potassium contents and blood-brain barrier permeability to125I-albumin. Stroke 16:101–109
Boulanger Y, Vinay P, Desroches M (1985) Measurement of a wide range of intracellular sodium concentration in erythrocytes by23Na nuclear magnetic resonance. Biophys J 47:553–561
Berendsen HJC, Edzes HT (1973) The observation and general interpretation of sodium magnetic resonance in biological material. Ann NY Acad Sci 204:459–485
Heiss WD, Rosner G (1983) Functional recovery of cortical neurons as related to degree and duration of ischemia. Ann Neurol 14:294–301
Crowell RM, Marcoux FW, DeGirolami U (1981) Variability and reversibility of focal cerebral ischemia in unanesthetized monkeys. Neurology 31:1295–1302
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Shimizu, T., Naritomi, H. & Sawada, T. Sequential changes on23Na MRI after cerebral infarction. Neuroradiology 35, 416–419 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00602819
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00602819