Summary
Light and electron microscopic studies of frontal and sagittal sections of embryonic chick hearts (Stages 25, 28–29), reveal mesenchymal tissue in the cephalic portion of the interventricular septum. The endocardium of this cephalic portion contains reoriented and invaginated cells with pseudopodia; in addition there are cells immediately subjacent to the endocardium. Similar cellular events take place during the formation of mesenchymal tissue in the atrioventricular and conotruncal regions. In these regions the mesenchymal tissue originates by means of an endocardial activation process.
The structural characteristics of the formation of the cephalic portion of the interventricular septum suggest that local mesenchymal tissue is contributed by the endocardium. However, based upon the close anatomic relationship observed by us between the mesenchymal tissues of the atrioventricular canal, conotruncal region and the cephalic portion of the interventricular septum; we do not discard a contribution by migration of cells from atrioventricular and conotruncal regions to the interventricular septum.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Arguello C, Servin M, Arciniegas E (in press) Developmental processes involved in atrioventricular cannal septation. Experimental approach to the study of endocardial cushion formation and fusion. In: Quero M, Anderson RH, Maitre MJ, Arteaga M (eds) Atrioventricular Defects. Churchill Livingstone, London
Bernanke DH, Markwald RR (1982) Migratory behavior of cardiac cushion tissue cells in a collagen-lattice culture system. Dev Biol 91:235–245
Fitzharris TP (1981) Origin and migration of cushion tissue in the developing heart. SEM 254:255–260
Gimenez-Ribotta M, Arteaga M, Fernandez-Espino R, Garcia-Pelaez I (1984) Desarrollo de los ventriculos. Morfogenesis de la septacion ventricular. Expresion Anatomica. En Monocardio (Monografias Cardiovasculares) Editado por la Sociedad Castellana de Cardiologia
Goor DA, Edwards JE, Lillehei WC (1970) The development of the interventricular septum of the human heart. Correlative morphogenetic study. Chest 58:453–467
Hamburger B, Hamilton HLA (1951) Series of normal stages of the chick embryo. J Morphol 88:49–92
Harh JY, Paul MH (1975) Experimental cardiac morphogenesis. I. Development of the ventricular septum in the chick. J Embryol Exp Morphol 33:13–28
Icardo JM (1984) The growing heart. An anatomical perspective. In: Radovan Zak (ed) Growth of the heart in Health and Disease. Raven Press, NY, pp 54–55
Markwald RR, Fitzharris TP, Adams-Smith WN (1975) Structural analysis of endocardial cytodifferentiation. Dev Biol 42:160–180
Markwald RR, Fitzharris T, Manasek F (1977) Structural development of endocardial cushions. Am J Anat, pp 85–120
Markwald RR, Krook JM, Kitten GT, Runyan RB (1981) Endocardial cushion tissue development: structural analyses on the attachment of extracellular matrix to migrating mesenchymal cell surfaces. Scan Electron Microsc, pp 261–274
OrtsLlorca F, Puerta Fonolla J, Sobrado Perez J (1981) Morphogenesis of the ventricular flow pathways in man (Bulbus Cordis and Truncus Arteriosus) In: Pexieder T (ed) Mechanisms of Cardiac Morhogenesis and teratogenesis. Perspectives in Cardiovascular Research. Raven Press, NY, vol 5 pp 17–29
Patten B (1958) The development of the circulatory system. In: Foundations of Embryology (2nd edn), pp 513–569
Revel J, Karnovsky MA (1967) A formaldehyde glutaraldehyde for use in electron microscopy. Biol Bull 131:380
Rychter Z, Rychterova V, Lemez L (1979) Formation of the heart loop and proliferation structure of its wall as a base for ventricular septation. Herz 4:86–90
Shephard M, Mitchell N (1976) Simultaneous localization of proteoglycan by light and electron microscopy using toluidine blue 0. A study of epiphyseal cartilage. J Histochem Cytochem 24:621–629
Spratt NT (1947) Development in vivo of the early chick blastoderm explanted on yolk albumen extract saline-agar substrate. J Exp Zool 106:345–365
Strauss M, Arrechedera H, Arguello C, Ayesta C, Alvarez M (1987) Influence of the mesenchymal microenvironment on myocardial and endocardial cell behaviour in experimental interaction with chick limb mesenchyme. J Mol Cell Cardiol (in press)
Van Mierop LHS (1976) Embryology of the atrioventricular region and pathogenesis of endocardial cushion defects. In: Feldt RH (ed) Atrioventricular Canal Defects. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 1–17
Viragh S, Challice CE (1973) Origin and differentiation of cardiac muscle cells in the mouse. J Ultrastruct Res 42:1–24
Wenink ACG (1981) Embryology of the ventricular septum. Separate origin of its components. Virch Arch 390:71–79
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Strauss, M., Arrechedera, H., Arguello, C. et al. Mesenchymal tissue of the interventricular septum. Anat Embryol 176, 231–237 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00310056
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00310056