Summary
Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-immunoreactive cells in the primary visual cortex of the rat were classified on the basis of ramification pattern of cell processes. The distribution of cells over cortical layers, and proportions of cell classes relative to total cell numbers were evaluated by means of quantitative methods. Two main types of VIP-positive neurons, the bipolar and the multipolar were distinguished constituting 76% and 24% of the VIP populations, respectively. The axons of vertically oriented bipolars were observed to ramify within a column around the descending dendrite. By contrast, multipolar cells have a non-oriented ramification pattern. The two overlapping axonal systems form the VIP-innervation of the rat visual cortex.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Besson J, Rotsztejn W, Laburthe M, Epelbaum J, Beaudet A, Kordon C, Rosselin G (1979) Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). Distribution, subcellular localization and effect of deafferentation of the hypothalamus in male rats. Brain Res 165:79–85
Connor JR, Peters A (1984) Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide immunoreactive neurons in rat visual cortex. Neuroscience 12:1027–1044
Eckenstein F, Baughman RW (1984) Two types of cholinergic innervation in cortex, one co-localized with vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. Nature 309:153–155
Fahrenkrug J (1979) Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide: measurement, distribution and putative neurotransmitter function. Digestion 19:149–169
Feldman ML, Peters A (1978) The forms of non-pyramidal neurons in the visual cortex of the rat. J Comp Neurol 179:761–794
Fuxe K, Hökfelt T, Said SI, Mutt V (1977) VIP and the nervous system: Immunohistochemical evidence for localization in central and periphal nerves, particularly intracortical neurons of the cerebral cortex. Neurosci Lett 5:241–246
Guesdon JL, Ternyck T (1979) The use of the avidin-biotin interaction in immunoenzymatic technique. J Histochem Cytochem 7:1131–1139
Kostovic J, Rakic P (1980) Cytology and time of origin of interstitial neurons in the white matter in infant and adult human and monkey telencephalon. J Neurocytol 9:219–242
Liposits Z, Görcs T, Gallays F, Kosaras B, Sétáló G (1982) Improvement of the electron microscopic detection of peroxidase activity by means of the silver intensification of the diaminobenzidine reaction in the rat nervous system. Neurosci Lett 31:7–12
Lorèn I, Emson PC, Fahrenkrug J, Björklund A, Alumets J, Hakanson R, Sundler F (1979) Distribution of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in the rat and mouse brain. Neuroscience 4:1953–1976
Magistretti PJ, Morrison JH (1985) VIP-neurons in the neocortex. TINS 8:7–8
Magistretti PJ, Morrison JH, Shoemaker WJ, Sapin V, Bloom FE (1981) Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide induced glycogenolysis in mouse cortical slices: a possible regulatory mechanism for the local control of energy metabolism. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78:6535–6539
McDonald JK, Parnavelas JG, Karamanlidis AN, Brecha N (1982) The morphology and distribution of peptide-containing neurons in adult and developing visual cortex of the rat. II. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. J Neurosci 11:825–837
Morrison JH, Magistretti PJ, Benoit R, Bloom FE (1984) The distribution and morphological characteristics of the intracortial VIP-cell: an immunohistochemical analysis. Brain Res 292:269–282
Peters A, Kimerer LM (1981) Bipolar neurons in rat visual cortex: a combined Golgi-electron microscopic study. J Neurocytol 9:163–183
Peters A, Meinecke DL, Karamanlidis AN (1987) Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide immunoreactive neurons in the primary visual cortex of the cat. J Neurocytol 16:23–38
Sims KB, Hoffman DL, Said SI, Zimmerman EA (1980) Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in mouse and rat brain. An immunocytological study. Brain Res 186:165–183
Staun-Olsen P, Ottersen B, Gammeltoft S, Fahrenkrug J (1985) The regional distribution of receptors for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in the rat central nervous system. Brain Res 330:317–321
Werner L, Wilke A, Blödner R, Winkelmann E, Brauer K (1982) Topographical distribution of neuronal types in the albino rat's area 17. A qualitative and quantitative study. Z Mikrosk Anat Forsch 96:433–453
Werner L, Hedlich A, Winkelmann E (1985) Neuronentypen im visuellen Kortex der Ratte, identifiziert in Nissl- und deimprägnierten Golgi-Präparaten. J Hirnforsch 26:173–186
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hajós, F., Zilles, K., Gallatz, K. et al. Ramification patterns of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-cells in the rat primary visual cortex. Anat Embryol 178, 197–206 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00318223
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00318223