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Vertical human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection: Involvement of the central nervous system and treatment

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Abstract

Involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) contributes substantially to morbidity and mortality of vertical infection with the hu man immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 1. The clinical spectrum ranges from minor developmental disabilities to severe and progressive encephalopathy. Progression of the disease varies considerably. Both direct viral and indirect host-related pathogenic mechanisms have been proposed. The diagnosis depends on neurological and neurodevelopmental assessments. So far, HIV-1-specific antiviral treatment has shown limited effects on neurological manifestations in symptomatic children. Thus, efforts are needed to improve prevention and treatment of CNS involvement. It is still unclear whether early use of antiretroviral agents is of benefit.

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Abbreviations

ADC :

AIDS dementia complex

AIDS :

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

AZT :

azidothymidine; zidovudine

ddC :

dideoxycytidine; zalcitabine

ddI :

dideoxyinosine; didanosine

d4T :

stavudine HIV-1 human immunodeficiency virus type 1

PE :

HIV-1-related progressive encephalopathy of childhood

PET :

positron emission tomography

PMRS :

proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy

SPECT :

single photon emission computed tomography

3TC :

lamivudine

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Exhenry, C., Nadal, D. Vertical human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection: Involvement of the central nervous system and treatment. Eur J Pediatr 155, 839–850 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02282832

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