Skip to main content
Log in

Tubular networks in the terminal endings of the visual receptor cells in the human, the monkey, the cat and the dog

  • Published:
Zeitschrift für Zellforschung und Mikroskopische Anatomie Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

A tubular network was found in the terminal endings of the visual receptor cells in the human, the monkey (Macaca mulatta), the cat and the dog. These tubules are arranged in close groups in the vicinity of the synaptic lamellae and the invaginated dendrites. According to the form, diameter, density of the tubules and to the consistence of the network formed by them one can distinguish at these places an initial type (type I), a transitory (type II) and a vesicular one (type III). In the the type III branching, bizarre forms are frequent. The diameter of all the tubules reaches 500–600 Å, their density and walls being the same as in the synaptic vesicles.

Similar networks also occur in the axons of the visual receptor cells of the monkey.

Zusammenfassung

In den Endigungen der Photorezeptorzellen von Mensch, Affe (Macaca mulatta), Katze und Hund kommen aus Tubuli bestehende Komplexe vor. Organellenartig in geschlossenen Gruppen angeordnet, liegen sie in Nähe der synaptischen Lamellen und der invaginierten Dendriten. An diesen Stellen kann man nach Form, Durchmesser, Dichte und Konsistenz der von den Tubuli gebildeten Komplexe drei Typen unterscheiden: 1. einen initialen (Typus I), 2. einen Übergangstypus (Typus II) und 3. einen vesiculären Typus (Typus III). In letzterem kommen häufig verzweigte, bizarre Formen vor. Der Durchmesser sämtlicher Tubuli erreicht 500–600 Å. Ihre Dichte und ihre Wand gleicht denen der synaptischen Vesikel.

Ähnliche Komplexe fanden wir auch in den Axonen der Photorezeptorzellen vom Affen.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Andres, K. H.: Mikropinocytose im Zentralnervensystem. Z. Zellforsch. 64, 63–73 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  • —: Über die Feinstruktur besonderer Einrichtungen in markhaltigen Nervenfasern des Kleinhirns der Ratte. Z. Zellforsch. 65, 701–712 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  • Birks, R. I.: The fine structure of motor nerve endings at frog myoneural junctions. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 135, 8–26 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  • Breemen, V. L. van, Anderson, E., Reger, J. F.: An attempt to determine the origin of synaptic vesicles. Exp. Cell Res., Suppl. 5, 153–167 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  • Brightman, M. W.: The intracerebral movement of proteins injected into blood and cerebrospinal fluid of mice. In: Conference on Brain Barrier Systems, 1966 (D. H. Ford and J. P. Schadé, editors). Elsevier, The Netherlands. Progr. Brain Res. 29, 19 (1968).

  • Bunt, A. H.: Formation of coated and “synaptic” vesicles within neurosecretory axon terminals of the Crustacean sinus gland. J. Ultrastruct. Res. 28, 411–421 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dellmann, H. D., Rodriguez, E. M.: Herring bodies; an electron microscopic study of local degeneration and regeneration of neurosecretory axons. Z. Zellforsch. 111, 293–315 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  • De Robertis, E.: Ultrastructure and cytochemistry of the synaptic region. Science 156, 907–914 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  • —, Bennett, H.: Some features of the submicroscopic morphology of synapses in frog and earthworm. J. biophys. biochem. Cytol. 1, 47–58 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  • —, Franchi, C. M.: The submicroscopic organization of axon material isolated from myelin nerve fibers. J. exp. Med. 98, 269–276 (1953).

    Google Scholar 

  • —: Electron microscope observations on synaptic vesicles in synapses of the retinal rods and cones. J. biophys. biochem. Cytol. 2, 30–318 (1956).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dietrich, C. E., Rohen, J. W.: Über die Receptoren der menschlichen Netzhaut. Albrecht v. Graefes Arch. Ophthal. 179, 235–258 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  • Düring, M. v.: Über die Feinstruktur der motorischen Endplatte von höheren Wirbeltieren. Z. Zellforsch. 81, 74–90 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  • Echandria, R. E. L.: An electron microscopic study on the cochlear innervation. I. The recepto-neural junctions at the outer hair cells. Z. Zellforsch. 78, 30–46 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans, E. M.: On the ultrastructure of the synaptic region of visual receptors in certain vertebrates. Z. Zellforsch. 71, 499–516 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gray, E. G.: Axo-somatic and axo-dendritic synapses of the cerebral cortex. An electron microscope study. J. Anat. (Lond.) 93, 420–433 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  • —: Tissue of the central nervous system. In: Electron microscopic anatomy (Kurtz, S. M., editor), p. 369–417. New York: Academic Press 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hámori, J., Dyachkova, L. N.: Electron microscope studies on developmental differentiation of ciliary ganglion synapses in the chick. Acta biol. Acad. Sci. hung. 15, 213–230 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  • Karlsson, U., Schultz, R. L.: Fixation of the central nervous system for electron microscopy by aldehyde perfusion. I. Preservation with aldehyde perfusates versus direct perfusion with osmium tetroxide with special reference to membranes and the extracellular space. J. Ultrastruct. Res. 12, 160–186 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuwabara, T.: Microtubules in the retina. In: The structure of the eye. II. Symp. (Rohen, J. W., editor), p. 69–84. Stuttgart: Schattauer 1965.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lovas, B.: A method for the crude orientation of biologic specimen in gelatin capsules. Morph. és Ig. Orv. Szemle 8, 204–205 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  • Millonig, G.: Further observations on a phosphate buffer for osmium solutions in fixation., In: Proceedings of the Fifth Internat. Congr. for Electron Microscopy (Breese, S. S. editor), p. P-8. New York: Academic Press 1962.

    Google Scholar 

  • Missotten, L.: Etude des battonets de la rétine humaine au microscope électronique. Ophthalmologica (Basel) 140, 200–214 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  • —: Etude des synapses de la rétine humaine au microscope électronique. In: Proc. Europ. Reg. Conf. on Electron Microscopy, Delft 2, 818–821 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  • Palay, S. L.: The morphology of synapses in the central nervous system. Exp. Cell Res., Suppl. 5, 275–293 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  • —, McGee-Russel, S. M., Gordon, Spencer, Jr., Grillo, Mary A.: Fixation of neural tissues for electron microscopy by perfusion with solutions of osmium tetroxide. J. Cell Biol. 12, 385–410 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  • —, Palade, G. E.: The fine structure of neurons. J. biophys. biochem. Cytol. 1, 69–88 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  • —: Synapses in the central nervous system. J. biophys. biochem. Cytol. 2, 193–202 (1956).

    Google Scholar 

  • —: The fine structure of the neurohypophysis. In: Ultrastructure and cellular chemistry of neural tissue (Waelsch, H., editor), p. 31–49. London: Cassels 1957.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raine, C. S., Field, E. J.: Orientated tubules in axoplasm of cerebellar myelinated nerve fibres in the rat. Acta neuropath. 9, 298–304 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds, E. S.: The use of lead citrate at high pH as an electron opaque stain in electron microscopy. J. Cell Biol. 17, 208–212 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenbluth, J.: Contrast between osmium-fixed and permanganate-fixed toad spinal ganglia. J. Cell Biol. 16, 143–157 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  • Samorajski, T., Ordy, J. M., Keefe, J. R.: Structural organization of the retina in the tree shrew (Tupaia glis). J. Cell Biol. 28, 489–504 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schultz, H.: Die Submikroskopische Anatomie und Pathologie der Lunge. Berlin-Göttingen-Heidelberg: Springer 1959.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sjöstrand, F. S.: The ultrastructure of the retinal rod synapses of the guinea pig eye. J. appl. Phys. 24, 1422 (1953).

    Google Scholar 

  • Takahashi, K.: Special tubular structures in nerve fibers in the granular layer of cerebellum of sirian hamster. J. Electron Microscopy 18, 312–314 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  • Uchizono, K.: Morphological background of excitation and inhibition at synapses. J. Electron Microscopy 17, 55–66 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  • Westrum, L. E.: On the origin of synaptic vesicles in cerebral cortex. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 179, 4–6 P (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  • Whittaker, V. P.: Some properties of synaptic membranes isolated from the central nervous system. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 137, 982–998 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  • Yamada, E.: Some observations on the membrane-limited structure within the retinal element. In: Intracellular membraneous structure (Seno, S., and Cowdry, E. V., editors). Jap. Soc. Cell Biol., Okayama, p. 49–63 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Lovas, B. Tubular networks in the terminal endings of the visual receptor cells in the human, the monkey, the cat and the dog. Z. Zellforsch. 121, 341–357 (1971). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00337638

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00337638

Key-Words

Navigation