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Bacteremia caused byStomatococcus mucilaginosus: Report of seven cases and review of the literature

Stomatococcus mucilaginosus-Bakteriämie — Bericht über sieben Fälle und Literaturübersicht

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Summary

During a three-year period eight patients with blood cultures positive forStomatococcus mucilaginosus were identified at two university hospitals. One patient without any signs of infection had a central venous catheter that was colonized with this organism, two patients had transient bacteremia without definite relationship to underlying disease, whereas the remaining five patients suffered from clinically significant infections. Of these last five patients, one had undergone prior head and neck surgery and four had hematologic malignancy with mild to severe neutropenia; two of the latter patients developed the infection subsequent to dental surgery. Besides neutropenia and mucosal damage in the oropharynx, quinolone antibacterial prophylaxis may have been an additional risk factor for the development ofS. mucilaginosus bacteremia in these patients. A thorough review of the literature revealed that in addition to our findings, endocarditis and foreign body infections are further typical clinical manifestations. Although the overall antibiotic susceptibility pattern ofS. mucilaginosus resembles that of streptococci, it is suggested that penicillin G may not be the drug of choice for initial therapy of particularly severe infections.S. mucilaginosus can be easily differentiated from other gram-positive bacteria when certain key criteria (e.g. adherence to agar surfaces, poor growth on Mueller-Hinton agar, presence of a capsule) as well as an array of biochemical tests, including commercially available identification systems, are applied. Our own and published data emphasize that both microbiologists and clinicians should be increasingly aware of this opportunistic pathogen.

Zusammenfassung

In zwei Universitätskliniken wurde während eines Zeitraumes von drei Jahren bei acht PatientenStomatococcus mucilaginosus aus Blutkulturen isoliert. Der zentral-venöse Katheter eines Patienten war mit diesem Organismus ohne Zeichen einer Infektion kolonisiert, zwei Patienten hatten eine passagere Bakteriämie ohne eindeutige Beziehung zur Grunderkrankung, während die übrigen fünf Patienten unter klinisch bedeutsamen Infektionen litten. Von diesen letzteren Patienten war bei einem Patienten ein chirurgischer Eingriff im Kopf-Halsbereich durchgeführt worden, vier Patienten wiesen maligne hämatologische Erkrankungen mit milder bis schwerer Neutropenie auf; zwei dieser Patienten entwickelten die Infektion im Anschluß an einen zahnärztlichen Eingriff. Neben oropharyngealen Schleimhautläsionen und Neutropenie könnte eine antibakterielle Prophylaxe mit Chinolonen ein zusätzlicher Risikofaktor für das Entstehen derS. mucilaginosus- Bakteriämie bei diesen Patienten gewesen sein. Eine gründliche Literaturübersicht belegte, daß zusätzlich zu unseren Beobachtungen, Endokarditiden und Fremdkörperinfektionen weitere typische Krankheitsmanifestationen sind. Obgleich die Antibiotikaempfindlichkeit insgesamt der von Streptokokken ähnelt, ist zu unterstellen, daß Penicillin G nicht das Mittel der ersten Wahl bei besonders schwerwiegenden Infektionen ist.S. mucilaginosus kann leicht von anderen grampositiven Bakterien differenziert werden, wenn bestimmte Schlüsselkriterien (z.B. Adhärenz zu Agaroberflächen, schlechtes Wachstum auf Mueller-Hinton Agar, Kapseldarstellung) sowie eine Reihe von biochemischen Tests, einschließlich kommerziell erhältlicher Identifizierungssysteme, Anwendung finden. Unsere eigenen und publizierte Daten unterstreichen, daß Mikrobiologen und Kliniker diesem opportunistischen Erreger verstärkt Beachtung schenken sollten.

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Kaufhold, A., Reinert, R.R. & Kern, W. Bacteremia caused byStomatococcus mucilaginosus: Report of seven cases and review of the literature. Infection 20, 213–220 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02033062

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