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Spectrophotometric determination of cyanide ions through ligand exchange reaction in solution

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Summary

A simple spectrophotometric method for the determination of trace amounts of cyanide ions in aqueous medium, using a heterocyclic azo dye complexed with mercury(II) for the first time, is described. The visual comparative method has been used in which a stronger complexing anion displaces a coloured reagent from the metal-ligand complex. Ammonium (2′-amino-3′-hydroxy-pyridyl-4′ azo)benzene-4-arsonate (AHP-4A) complexed with mercury(II) has been used for the determination of 0.13–1.46μg/ml of cyanide ions with fair accuracy. The anion has also been determined, when cyanide ion reacts with mercury(II)-(AHP-4A) complex, probably forming a bridged complex. The increase in absorbance is proportional to the cyanide ion concentration in the range of 0.04–0.37μg/ml, but this method is not very precise. The effect of foreign ions has also been studied. The sensitivities of other mercury(II) complexes in the determination of cyanide ions have been compared.

Zusammenfassung

Eine spektrophotometrische Methode zur Bestimmung von Spuren Cyanid in wäßrigem Milieu mit Hilfe eines mit Hg(II) komplexierten heterocyklischen Azofarbstoffes wurde beschrieben. Hierbei verdrängt ein stärker komplexierendes Anion das Farbreagens aus dem Metallkomplex. Ammonium(2′-amino-3′-hydroxypyridyl-4′-azo)benzol-4-arsenat (AHP-4A) in komplexer Verbindung mit Hg(II) wurde für die genaue Bestimmung von 0,13–1,46μg CN/ml verwendet. Das Anion wurde auch nach der Reaktion von Cyanid mit Hg(II)-(AHP-4A)-Komplex (wahrscheinlich zu einer Brückenverbindung) bestimmt. Der Anstieg der Extinktion ist der Cyanidkonzentration im Gebiet 0,04–0,37μg/ml proportional, aber dieses Verfahren ist nicht sehr genau. Der Einfluß von Fremdionen wurde untersucht. Die Empfindlichkeit anderer Hg(II)-Komplexe wurde zum Vergleich herangezogen.

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Verma, Y.S., Singh, I., Garg, B.S. et al. Spectrophotometric determination of cyanide ions through ligand exchange reaction in solution. Mikrochim Acta 71, 445–451 (1979). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01197417

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