Summary
Diurnal variations in the number of various types of small granulated and non-granulated vesicles as well as effects of continuous light on the vesicles in sympathetic nerve endings of the mouse pineal were investigated using quantitative electron microscopic techniques. Small granulated vesicles, 40 to 80 nm in diameter, were classified into two categories, type 1 or type 2, according to the size of the granule. Small non-granulated vesicles were also divided into two categories,i.e., spherical and elliptical. Nongranulated vesicles with the long diameter more than twice the shorter one (ranging from 50 to 90 nm in long diameter) were referred to as elliptical vesicles and the other (ranging from 40 to 80 nm in diameter) as spherical vesicles. The number of small vesicles, except for the non-granulated spherical vesicles, varied diurnally in relation to the daily photoperiod. The total vesicle density also exhibited diurnal changes. On the basis of these observations, possible relationships between small vesicles and noradrenaline or serotonin were discussed. Both the diurnal variation in small vesicles and that in the total vesicle density were completely abolished by continuous lighting. Continuous light exposure for various periods until 35 days provoked no apparent changes in small vesicles, except the type 2 granulated vesicles, which were increased in number in response to continuous lighting for about 1 to 3 days.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bloom, F. E. The fine structural localization of biogenic monoamines in nervous tissue. Int. Rev. Neurobiol.13, 27–66 (1970).
Brownstein, M., Axelrod, J. Pineal gland: 24-hour rhythm in norepinephrine turnover. Science184, 163–165 (1974).
Jaim-Etcheverry, G., Zieher, L. M. Cytochemistry of 5-hydroxytryptamine at the electron microscope level. II. Localization in the autonomie nerves of the rat pineal gland. Z. Zellforsch.86, 393–400 (1968).
Jaim-Etcheverry, G., Zieher, L. M. Ultrastructural cytochemistry and pharmacology of 5-hydroxytryptamine in adrenergic nerve endings. III. Selective increase of norepinephrine in the rat pineal gland consecutive to depletion of neuronal 5-hydroxytryptamine. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther.178, 42–48 (1971).
Matsushima, S., Ito, T. Diurnal changes in sympathetic nerve endings in the mouse pineal: Semiquantitative electron microscopic observations. J. Neural Transm.33, 275–288 (1972).
Matsushima, S., Kachi, T., Mukai, S., Morisawa, Y. Functional relationships between sympathetic nerves and pinealocytes in the mouse pineal: Quantitative electron microscopic observations. Arch. histol. jap. (Suppl.)40, 279–291 (1977).
Matsushima, S., Morisawa, Y., Mukai, S. Diurnal variation in large granulated vesicles in sympathetic nerve fibers of the mouse pineal-quantitative electron microscopic observations. J. Neural Transm.45, 63–73 (1979).
Matsushima, S., Reiter, R. J. Fine structural features of adrenergic nerve fibers and endings in the pineal gland of the rat, ground squirrel and chinchilla. Am. J. Anat.148, 463–478 (1977).
Pellegrino de Iraldi, A. Granulated vesicles in the pineal gland of the mouse. Z. Zellforsch.101, 408–418 (1969).
Pellegrino de Iraldi, A., Gueudet, R. Catecholamine and serotonin in granulated vesicles of nerve endings in the pineal gland of the rat. Int. J. Neuropharmacol.8, 9–14 (1969).
Quay, W. B. Circadian rhythm in rat pineal serotonin and its modifications by estrous cycle and photoperiod. Gen. comp. Endocrinol.3, 473–479 (1963).
Romijn, H. J. Structure and innervation of the pineal gland of the rabbit,Oryctolagus cuniculus (L.). III. An electron microscopic investigation of the innervation. Cell Tiss. Res.157, 25–51 (1975).
Snyder, S. H., Zweig, M., Axelrod, J., Fischer, J. E. Control of the circadian rhythm in serotonin content of the rat pineal gland. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci.53, 301–305 (1965).
Spurr, A. R. A low-viscosity epoxy resin embedding medium for electron microscopy. J. Ultrastruct. Res.26, 31–43 (1969).
Weibel, E. R., Kistler, G. S., Scherle, W. F. Practical stereological methods for morphometric cytology. J. Cell Biol.30, 23–38 (1966).
Wurtman, R. J., Axelrod, J., Sedvall, G., Moore, R. Y. Photic and neural control of the 24-hour norepinephrine rhythm in the rat pineal gland. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther.157, 487–492 (1967).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Matsushima, S., Mukai, S. Further studies on diurnal changes in small vesicles in sympathetic nerve endings in the mouse pineal and the effects of continuous light on the vesicles — Quantitative electron microscopic observations. J. Neural Transmission 46, 123–137 (1979). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01250334
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01250334