Summary
In naturally occurring sulfides and sulfosalts, the elements tin and lead can substitute for each other and form solid solution series. The best known example is the montesite series between teallite and herzenbergite. Within a coordinated research program including ore microscopy, X-ray and microprobe studies, mineral syntheses and Mössbauer spectroscopy, other lead sulfosalts were discovered which show considerable solid solution series.
Natural tin-bearing jamesonites which have been recently discovered have also been confirmed experimentally.
The present work reveales a broad solid solution field for franckeite ranging from Pb-rich potosiite to Sn-rich incaite. The well-established silver-free franckeite formula exhibits an ideal composition of∼(Pb, Sn) 2+6 Fe2+ Sn 4+2 Sb 3+2 S 2−14 . Valencies of the Fe, Sn, and Sb in franckeite shown in this formula have been confirmed by Mössbauer spectroscopy. Frequently observed trace amounts of Ag, Zn, Ge, and In are not essential in the structure.
Numerous microprobe analyses of cylindrites indicate that they form a restricted solid solution series with slight Pb/Sn2+ variations. Cylindrite forms at increased sulfur fugacity. Experiments and microprobe analyses on ores demonstrate the direct replacement of tin-rich franckeite or incaite by pseudomorphic lamellae of cylindrite during controlled sulfdization but no characteristic “cylinders” were observed. In the replacement reaction most or all of the bivalent tin was oxidized to quadrivalent tin to form cylindrite ∼ Pb4FeSn4Sb2S16.
Zusammenfassung
In natürlich vorkommenden Sulfiden und Sulfosalzen sind die Elemente Zinn und Blei gegeneinander austauschbar und bilden Mischungsreihen. Das beste Beispiel dafür ist die zwischen Teallit und Herzenbergit bestehende Montesit-Reihe. In einem koordinierten Forschungsprogramm, bestehend aus Erzmikroskopie, Röntgenfluoreszenz- und Mikrosondenstudien, Mineralsynthesen und Mössbauer Spektroskopie, konnten weitere Bleisulfosalze entdeckt werden, welche bemerkenswerte Mischungsreihen zeigen.
Der erst jüngst gemachte Fund von zinnführenden Jamesoniten konnte experimentell bestätigt werden. Die vorliegende Arbeit zeigt das Bestehen eines breiten Mischungsfeldes im Franckeit, von Pb-reichem Potosiit bis zu Sn-reichem Incait. Die silberfreie Franckeit Formel zeigt ideale Zusammensetzung von ∼ (Pb, Sn) 2+6 Fe2+ Sn2/4+ Sb 3+2 S 2−14 . Die Wertigkeiten von Fe, Sn und Sb im Franckeit wurden mittels Mössbauer-Spektroskopie bestätigt. Häufig beobachtbare Spuren von Ag, Zn, Ge und In sind für die Struktur unwesentlich.
Zahlreiche Mikrosondenanalysen von Cylindriten deuten eine beschränkte Mischungsreihe an mit leichten Pb/Sn2+ Variationen. Cylindrit wird bei steigender Schwefelfugazität gebildet. Experimente und Mikrosondenanalysen verdeutlichen die direkte Verdrängung von zinnreichen Franckeit oder Incait durch pseudomorphe Lamellen von Cylindrit, während kontrollierter Sulfidisierung, jedoch konnten keine charakteristischen „Zylinder” beobachtet werden. Während dieser Verdrängungsreaktion oxydierte nahezu das gesamte zweiwertige Zinn zu vierwertigem, was die Bildung von Cylindrit ∼ Pb4FeSn4Sb2S16 zur Folge hat.
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Contribution to the Ore Mineralogy Symposium (IMA/COM) at the 14th General Meeting of the International Mineralogical Association, at Stanford, California, in July, 1986.
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Moh, G.H. Mutual Pb2+/Sn2+ substitution in sulfosalts. Mineralogy and Petrology 36, 191–204 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01163259
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01163259