Abstract
The 5′ signal sequence and B chain coding region were excised from preproricin cDNA and fused in frame to generate prericin B chain cDNA. Transcripts were synthesized from the pre B chain cDNA in an in vitro system driven by T7 RNA polymerase. Pre B chain mRNA microinjected into Xenopus oocytes was expressed and the product was segregated into the oocyte endomembrane system, core glycosylated and the N–terminal signal peptide was removed. The expressed product was biologically active and could therefore bind to immobilized asialofetuin. When recombinant ricin B chain was reassociated with purified A chain, the intact ricin that was reconstituted had full cytotoxic activity.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 12 print issues and online access
$209.00 per year
only $17.42 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on Springer Link
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Olsnes, S. and Pihl, A. 1982. Toxic lectins and related proteins, p. 51–105. In: P. Cohen and S. van Heyningen (Eds.) Molecular Action of Toxins and Viruses, Elsevier Biomedical Press, New York.
Endo, Y., Mitsui, K., Motizuki, M. and Tsurugi, K. 1987. The mechanism of action of ricin and related toxic lectins on eukaryotic ribosomes. The site and the characteristics of the modification in 28S ribosomal RNA caused by the toxins. J. Biol. Chem. 262:5908–5912.
Endo, Y. and Tsurugi, K. 1987. RNA N-glycosidase activity of ricin A chain. Mechanism of action of the toxic lectin ricin on on eukaryotic ribosomes. J. Biol. Chem. 262:8128–8130.
Papenheimer, A.M., Olsnes, S. and Harper, A.A. 1974. Lectins from Abrus precatorius and Ricinus communis . J. Immunol. 113:835–841.
van Deurs, B., Ryde Petersen, L., Sundan, A., Olsnes, S. and Sandvig, K. 1985. Receptor-mediated endocytosis of a ricin-colloidal gold conjugate in Vero cells. Expl. Cell. Res. 159:287–304.
van Deurs, B., Tonnessen, T.I., Petersen, O.W., Sandvig, K. and Olsnes, S. 1986. Routing of internalized ricin and ricin conjugates to the Golgi complex. J. Cell Biol. 102:37–47.
Vitetta, E.S. 1986. Synergy between immunotoxins prepared with native ricin A chains and chemically modified ricin B chains. J. Immunol. 136:1880–1887.
Youle, R.J. and Colombatti, M. 1987. Hybridoma cells containing intracellular anti-ricin antibodies show ricin meets secretory antibody before entering the cytosol. J. Biol. Chem. 262:4676–4682.
Lamb, F.I., Roberts, L.M. and Lord, J.M. 1985. Nucleotide sequence of cloned cDNA coding for preproricin. Eur. J. Biochem. 148:265–270.
Halling, K.C., Halling, A.C., Murray, E.E., Ladin, B.F., Houston, L.L. and Weaver, R.F. 1985. Genomic cloning and characterization of a ricin gene from Ricinus communis . Nucl. Acids Res. 13:8019–8033.
Montfort, W., Villafranca, J.E., Monzingo, A.F., Ernst, S.R., Katzin, B., Rutenber, E., Xuong, N.H., Hamlin, R. and Robertus, J.D. 1987. The three-dimensional structure of ricin at 2.8Å. J. Biol. Chem. 262:5398–5403.
Baenzinger, J.U. and Fiete, D. 1979. Structure of the complex oligosaccharides of fetuin. J. Biol. Chem. 254:789–795.
Vitetta, E.S., Krohlick, K.A., Miyama-Inaba, M., Cushley, W. and Uhr, J.W. 1983. Immunotoxins: a new approach to cancer therapy. Science 219:644–650.
Pastan, I., Willingham, M.C. and FitzGerald, D.J.P. 1986. Immunotoxins. Cell 47:641–648.
Vitetta, E.S. and Uhr, J.W. 1985. Immunotoxins: redirecting Nature's poisons. Cell 41:653–654.
Youle, R.J. and Neville, D.M. 1982. Kinetics of protein synthesis inactivation by ricin-anti-Thy 1.1 monoclonal antibody hybrids. J. Biol. Chem. 257:1598–1601.
McIntosh, D.P., Edwards, D.C., Cumber, A.J., Parnell, G.D., Dean, C.J., Ross, W.C.J. and Forrester, J.A. 1983. Ricin B chain converts a non-cytotoxic antibody-ricin A chain conjugate into a potent and specific cytotoxic agent. FEBS Lett. 164:17–20.
Vitetta, E.S., Cushley, W. and Uhr, J.W. 1983. Synergy of ricin A chain-containing immunotoxins and ricin B chain-containing immunotoxins in in vitro killing of neoplastic human B cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80:6332–6335.
Youle, R.J. and Neville, D.M. 1980. Anti-Thy 1.2 monoclonal antibody linked to ricin is a potent cell-type-specific toxin. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77:5483–5486.
Vitetta, E.S. 1986. Synergy between immunotoxins prepared with native ricin A chains and chemically-modified ricin B chains. J. Immunol. 136:1880–1887.
Chang, M.-S., Russell, D.W., Uhr, J.W. and Vitetta, E.S. 1987. Cloning and expression of recombinant, functional ricin B chain. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84:5640–5644.
Hanahan, D. 1983. Studies on the transformation of Escherichia coli with plasmids. J. Mol. Biol. 166:557–580.
Gronenborn, B. 1976. Overproduction of phage lambda represser under control of the lac promoter of E. coli . Mol. Gen. Genet. 148:243–250.
Kramer, B., Kramer, W. and Fritz, H.-J. 1984. Different base/base mismatches are corrected with different efficiencies by the methyl-directed DNA repair system of E. coli . Cell 38:879–887.
Miller, J. 1972. Experiments in Molecular Genetics. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, N. Y.
Birnboim, H.G. and Doly, J. 1979. A rapid alkaline extraction procedure for screening recombinant plasmid DNA. Nucl. Acids Res. 7:1513–1523.
Zoller, M.J. and Smith, M. 1982. Oligonucleotide-directed rnutagenesis using M13-derived vectors: an efficient and general procedure for the production of point mutations in any fragment of DNA. Nucl. Acids Res. 10:6487–6500.
Sanger, F., Nicklen, S. and Coulson, A.R. 1977. DNA sequencing with chain terminating inhibitors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 74:5463–5467.
Drummond, D.R., Armstrong, J. and Colman, A. 1985. Effect of capping and polyadenylation on the movement, stability and translation of synthetic messenger RNAs in Xenopus oocytes. Nucl. Acids Res. 13:7375–7394.
Colman, A. 1984. Translation of eukaryotic messenger RNA in Xenopus oocytes, p. 271–302. In: Transcription and Translation—A Practical Approach. Hames, D. and Higgins, S. (Eds.). IRL Press, Oxford.
Colman, A., Lane, C.D., Craig, R., Boulton, A., Mohun, T. and Morser, J. 1981. The influence of topology and glycosylation on the fate of heterologous secretory proteins made in Xenopus oocytes. Eur. J. Biochem. 113:339–348.
Roberts, L.M. and Lord, J.M. 1981. The synthesis of Ricinus communis agglutinin. Cotranslational and post-translational modifications of agglutinin polypeptides. Eur. J. Biochem. 119:31–41.
O'Hare, M., Roberts, L.M., Thorpe, P.E., Watson, G.J., Prior, B. and Lord, J.M. 1987. Expression of ricin A chain in E. coli . FEBS Lett. 216:73–78.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Richardson, P., Gilmartin, P., Colman, A. et al. Expression of Functional Ricin B Chain in Xenopus Oocytes. Nat Biotechnol 6, 565–570 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt0588-565
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt0588-565