Abstract
Previous studies from this laboratory were the first to define all the sites recognized by antibodies (i.e. antigenic sites) in several protein antigens. Recently, using a comprehensive synthetic strategy, we have scanned the entire polypeptide chains of myoglobin and lysozyme and have determined the full profile of the continuous sites of T-cell recognition for each protein. Together, these studies have enabled the first detailed comparison, at the sub-molecular level, of the protein regions involved in T- and B-cell recognition.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 12 print issues and online access
$209.00 per year
only $17.42 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on Springer Link
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
Similar content being viewed by others
References
LaPresler, C. 1955. Etude de la degradation de la serumalbunine humaine par un extrait de rate de lapin. II. Mise en evidence de trois groupements specifques differents duns de motif antigenique de L'albumine humaine et de trois anticorps correspondants dans le serum de lapin anti-albumine humaine. Annales Inst. Pasteur Paris 89: 654–665.
Porter, R.R. 1957. The isolation and properties of a fragment of bovine-serum albumin which retains the ability to combine with rabbit antiserum. Biochem. J. 66: 677–686.
Anderer, F.A. 1963. Preparation and properties of an artificial antigen immunologically related to tobacco mosaic virus. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 71: 246–248.
Anderer, F.A. and Schlumberger, H.D. 1965. Properties of different artificial antigens immunologically related to tobacco mosaic virus. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 97: 503–509.
Atassi, M.Z. 1975. Antigenic structure of myoglobin: the complete immunochemical anatomy of a protein and conclusions relating to antigenic structures of proteins. Immunochemistry 12: 423–438.
Atassi, M.Z. 1978. Precise determination of the entire antigenic structure of lysozyme: Molecular features of protein antigenic structures and potential of ‘surface-simulation’ synthesis—A powerful new concept for protein binding sites. Immunochemistry 15: 909–936.
Atassi, M.Z. and Smith, J.A. 1978. A proposal for the nomenclature of antigenic sites in peptides and proteins. Immunochemistry 15: 609–610.
Kazim, A.L. and Atassi, M.Z. 1980. A novel and comprehensive synthetic approach for the elucidation of protein antigenic structures. Biochem. J. 191: 261–264.
Atassi, M.Z. and Kurisaki, J. 1984. A novel approach for the localization of the continuous protein antigenic sites by comprehensive synthetic surface scanning: Antibody and T cell activity to several influenza hemagglutinin synthetic sites. Immunol. Comm. (in press).
Atassi, M.Z., Sakata, S. and Kazim, A.L. 1979. Immune recognition of serum albumin. IX. Localization and verification by synthesis of five antigenic sites of bovine serum albumin. Biochem. J. 179: 327–331.
Atassi, M.Z. 1982. Immune recognition of serum albumin. 15. Localization by synthesis of antigenic site 4 of bovine serum albumin to the region around the disulfide bond 166–175. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 704: 552–555.
Kazim, A.L. and Atassi, M.Z. 1982. Structurally inherent antigenic sites. Localization of the antigenic sites of the a-chain of human hemoglobin in three host species by a comprehensive synthetic approach. Biochem. J. 203: 201–208.
Yoshioka, N. and Atassi, M.Z. 1983. Localization of the antigenic sites on the b-chain of human hemoglobin by a comprehensive synthetic peptide approach. Abstr. 5th International Congress of Immunology, Kyoto, Japan.
Yoshioka, N. and Atassi, M.Z. 1984. Antigenic structure of human haemoglobin: Localization of the antigenic sites of the beta chain in three host species by synthetic overlapping peptides representing the entire chain. Biochem. J. (in press).
Benjamini, E. 1977. The tobacco mosaic virus protein physiochemical characteristics, p. 201–208. In: Immunochemistry of Proteins, Vol. 2. Atassi, M.Z. (ed.), Plenum Press, New York.
Benjamini, E., Leung, C.Y. and Rennick, D.M. 1978. Immunochemical studies on the tobacco mosaic virus, p. 165–179. In: Immunobiology of Proteins and Peptides, Vol. 1. Atassi, M.Z. and Stavitsky, A.B. (eds.), Plenum Press, New York.
Atassi, M.Z. 1981. Immune recognition of Cytochrome C. I. Investigation by synthesis whether antigenic sites of polymeric cytochrome coincide with locations of sequence differences between the immunizing and host cytochrome. Mol. Immunol. 18: 1021–1025.
Atassi, M.Z. and Webster, R.G. 1983. Localization, synthesis and activity of an antigenic site on influenza virus hemagglutinin. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80: 840–844.
Okuda, K., Twining, S.S., David, C.S. and Atassi, M.Z. . 1979b. Genetic control of immune response to sperm whale myoglobin in mice. II. T-lymphocyte proliferative response to the synthetic antigenic sites. J. Immunol. 123: 182–188.
Atassi, M.Z., Lee, C.-L. and Pai, R.-C. 1976. Enzymic and immunochemical properties of lysozyme XVI. A novel synthetic approach to an antigenic reactive site by direct linkage of the relevant conformationally adjacent residues constituting the site. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 427: 745–751.
Lee, C.-L. and Atassi, M.Z. 1976. Delineation of the third antigenic site of lysozyme by application of a novel ‘surface-simulation’ synthetic approach directly linking the conformationally adjacent residues forming the site. Biochem. J. 159: 89–93.
Sakata, S. and Atassi, M.Z. 1980. Immune recognition of serum albumin. 10. Five major antigenic sites of human serum albumin are extrapolated from bovine serum albumin and confirmed by synthetic peptides. Mol. Immunol. 17: 139–142.
Sakata, S. and Atassi, M.Z. 1980. Immune recognition of serum albumin. 11. Mouse antibodies against bovine serum albumin recognize the same antigenic sites that are recognized by rabbit antibodies. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 625: 159–162.
Atassi, M.Z. 1977. The complete antigenic structure of myoglobin: Approaches and conclusions for antigenic structures of proteins, p. 77–176. In: Immunochemistry of Proteins, Vol. 2. Atassi, M. Z. (ed.). Plenum Press, New York.
David, C.S. and Atassi, M.Z. 1982. Genetic control and intersite influences on the immune response to sperm whale myoglobin, p. 97–125. In: Immunobiology of Proteins and Peptides, Vol. 2. Atassi, M. Z. (ed.), Plenum Press, New York.
Benjamin, D.C., Berzofsky, J.A., East, I.J., Gurd, F.R.N., Hannum, C., Leach, S.J., Margoliash, E., Michael, J.G., Miller, A., Prager, E.M., Reichlin, M., Sercarz, E.E., Smith-Gill, S.J., Todd, P.E. and Wilson, A.C. 1984. The antigenic structure of proteins: A reappraisal. Ann. Rev. Immunol. 2: 67–101.
Atassi, M.Z. 1980. Precise determination of protein antigenic sites has unravelled the molecular immune recognition of proteins and provided a prototype for synthetic mimicking of other protein binding sites. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 32: 21–43.
Atassi, M.Z. 1984. Immune recognition of proteins, p. 15–52. In: Molecular Immunology—A Textbook. Atassi, M. Z., van Oss, C. J. and Absolom (eds.), Marcel Dekker, New York.
Atassi, M.Z. 1984. Antigenic structures of proteins. Their determination has revealed important aspects of immune recognition and generated strategies for synthetic mimicking of protein binding sites. Eur. J. Immunol. (in press).
Bixler, G.S. and Atassi, M.Z. 1983. Molecular localization of the full profile of the continuous regions recognized by myoglobin primed T-cells using synthetic overlapping peptides encompassing the entire molecule. Immunol. Comm. 12: 593–603.
Bixler, G.S. and Atassi, M.Z. 1984. T-cell recognition of myoglobin. Localization of the sites stimulating T-cell proliferative responses by synthetic overlapping peptides encompassing the entire molecule. J. Immunogen. (in press).
Bixler, G.S., Yoshida, T. and Atassi, M.Z. 1984. T cell recognition of lysozyme. I. Localization of regions stimulating T cell proliferative response by synthetic overlapping peptides encompassing the entire molecule. Expl. Clin. Immunogen. 1: 99–111.
Bixler, G.S., Yoshida, T. and Atassi, M.Z. 1984. Localization and genetic control of the continuous T-cell recognition sites of lysozyme by synthetic overlapping peptides representing the full profile of the protein chain. J. Immunogen. (in press).
Young, C.R. and Atassi, M.Z. 1982. Dissection of the molecular parameters for T cell recognition of a myoglobin antigenic site. Adv. Exp. Med. 150: 79–93.
Young, C.R. and Atassi, M.Z. 1983. T-lymphocyte recognition of sperm-whale myoglobin. Responses of T-cells from mouse strains primed with synthetic peptides carrying antigenic site 5 and relation to antigenic presentation. J. Immunogen. 10: 151–160.
Koketsu, J. and Atassi, M.Z. 1973. Immunochemistry of sperm-whale myoglobin. XVIII. Accurate delineation of the single reactive region in sequence 120–153 by study of synthetic peptides. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 328: 289–302.
Koketsu, J. and Atassi, M.Z. 1974. Immunochemistry of sperm whale myoglobin. XVI. Accurate delineation of the single region in sequence 1–55 by immunochemical studies of synthetic peptides. Some conclusions concerning antigenic structures of proteins. Immunochemistry 11: 1–8.
Yoshioka, M., Bixler, G.S. and Atassi, M.Z. 1983. Preparation of T-lymphocyte lines and clones with specificities to preselected protein sites by in vitro passage with synthetic peptides: Demonstration with myoglobin sites Mol. Immunol. 20: 1133–1137.
Yoshioka, M. and Atassi, M.Z. 1984. Effect of amino acid replacements on the sites of protein recognition by T cell clones. Re. End. Soc. Abstracts (in press).
Thompson, K., Harris, M., Benjamini, E., Mitchell, G. and Noble, M. 1972. Cellular and humoral immunity: A distinction in antigenic recognition. Nature 238: 20–21.
Sugimoto, M., Kohima, A., Yaginuma, K. and Egashira, Y. 1975. Cell-mediated and humoral immunity in mice: Cross-reaction between lysozyme and S-carboxymethylated lysozyme studies by a modified footpad test. Japan J. Med. Sci. Biol. 28: 23–25.
Maizels, R.M., Clarke, J.A., Harvey, M.A., Miller, A. and Sercarz, E.E. 1980. Epitope specificity of the T cell proliferative response to lysozyme: proliferative T cells react predominantly to different determinants from those recognized by B cells. Eur. J. Immunol. 10: 509–515.
Scibienski, R.J., Klingmann, V., Leung, C., Thompson, K. and Benjamini, E. 1978. Recognition of lysozyme by lymphocyte subsets, p. 305–317. In: Immunobiology of Proteins and Peptides, Vol. 1. Atassi, M. Z. and Stavitsky, A. G. (eds.), Plenum Press, New York.
Buchmuller, Y. and Corradin, G. 1982. Lymphocyte specificity to protein antigen. V. Conformational dependence of activation of cytochrome c-specific T cells. Eur. J. Immunol. 12: 412–416.
Bixler, G.S., Yoshida, T. and Atassi, M.Z. 1984. T cell recognition of lysozyme. II. Shift in specificity during long-term culture determined by synthetic overlapping peptides comprising the entire protein chain. Immunol. Comm. 13: 161–172.
Bixler, G.S. and Atassi, M.Z. 1984. T-cell recognition of lysozyme. III. Recognition of the ‘surface-simulation’ synthetic antigenic sites. J. Immunogen. (in press).
Fathman, C.G. and Hengartner, H. 1978. Clones of alloreactive T cells. Nature 272: 617–618.
Sredni, B. and Schwartz, R.H. 1981. Antigen-specific, proliferating T lymphocyte clones. Methodology, specificity, MHG restriction and alloreactivity. Immunol. Rev. 54: 187–223.
Infante, A.J., Atassi, M.Z. and Fathman, C.G. 1981. T cell clones reactive with sperm whale myoglobin. Isolation of clones with specificity for individual determinants on myoglobin. J. Exp. Med. 154: 1342–1356.
Schmitz, H.E., Atassi, H. and Atassi, M.Z. 1983. Production of monoclonal antibodies to non-antigenic regions of a protein molecule using free synthetic peptides as immunogens. Immunol. Comm. 12: 161–175.
Young, C.R. and Atassi, M.Z. 1983. T-lymphocyte recognition of sperm whale myoglobin. Specificity of T-cell recognition following neonatal tolerance with either myoglobin or synthetic peptides of an antigenic site. J. Immunogen. 10: 161–169.
Atassi, M.Z. and Lee, C.-L. 1978. Boundary refinements of the lysozyme antigenic site around the disulphide bond 6–127 (site 1) by ‘surface-simulation’ synthesis. Biochem. J. 171: 419–427.
Atassi, M.Z. and Lee, C.-L. 1978. The precise and entire antigenic structure of native lysozyme. Biochem. J. 171: 429–434.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bixler, G., Atassi, M. T-Cell Recognition of Proteins: Conclusions From the Localization of the Full T-Cell Recognition Profiles of Two Native Proteins. Nat Biotechnol 3, 47–54 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt0185-47
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt0185-47